Diarrhea. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Diarrhea. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Diarrhea - loose stools - can have different causes. In young children, the most common causes of diarrhea are gastrointestinal infections, colds, food intolerances, and reactions to antibiotics. The most common infection in children is gastroenteritis.

If the intestinal mucosa is infected, recovery is very slow. Stool with diarrhea due to gastroenteritis, frequent, watery, with greenish mucus, with an unpleasant odor, sometimes streaked with blood.

Usually, a red rash appears around the anus. In addition, the child often has other signs of a viral infection: a cold, general malaise, deterioration in appearance.

Signs of dehydration in young children

Weight loss.

Dry mouth, few or no tears when crying.

Urinating less frequently than usual.

Lethargy or, conversely, increased irritability.

Sunken eyes.

In infants up to a year, the retraction of the fontanel.

Dry, pale, wrinkled skin.

Dark yellow urine.

When to call a doctor

If the diarrhea does not go away for more than a day and the child has a fever.

If it's a baby.

First aid at home

1. Determine the cause of diarrhea. Your baby may have recently changed his or her diet, such as switching from baby food to cow's milk or breast milk to baby food, introducing new foods, or giving too much juice. If the baby has loose, watery stools without mucus and blood, as well as a red ring around the anus, but his condition has not worsened, then most likely these are signs of intolerance to foods recently introduced into the diet. Go back to your old food and eliminate or reduce the amount of the food that is suspected to be causing the diarrhea. The stool should return to normal within a week.

2. If the baby has not only diarrhea, but also a fever and other signs of illness, then call a doctor and make sure that dehydration does not occur. To do this, drink your baby more often and monitor his weight (if it is a breastfed baby).

3. For mild diarrhea without vomiting, avoid all dairy products, juices, and fatty foods. If the diarrhea is severe and watery (every 2 hours), then exclude all food, milk (except breastfeeding), baby food and juices for 12-24 hours (depending on the severity of the diarrhea) and give the baby water often and little by little, also give him rehydron solution, which will replace the lost mineral salts.

4. If the baby vomits, do not give him any food other than breast milk, but do not let him suck for a long time - better often, but little by little. Give the baby water for 1 teaspoon, but often, and rehydron.

5. Have your child suck on pieces of frozen fruit juice. Do not refuse breast milk to the baby: it will calm the baby.

6. Until the complete cessation of diarrhea, do not give the child cow's milk, replacing it with yogurt. During the recovery period from an intestinal infection (from 1 to 6 weeks), the doctor may advise the use of lactose-free baby food based on soy, since lactose intolerance is possible during the period of normal bowel activity. If diarrhea returns when solid foods are added, slow down and return to a more sparing diet, such as rice, rice porridge, and bananas.

7. To prevent rashes, lubricate the baby's skin with cream at each diaper change.

8. Do not give your child boiled milk.

9. The child should not fast for more than 24 hours.

ATTENTION!

If you have diarrhea in babies, do not stop breastfeeding. Mother's milk not only does not have an irritating effect, but also has a therapeutic effect, it may be the only food that the child does not reject and tolerates well.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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