Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

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FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

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If a person has bleeding wounds it is important to stop the bleeding as soon as possible. This can be done most quickly by pressing the blood vessel against the adjacent bone with a finger (Figure 1).

Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fig.1. Places for pressing arteries to stop bleeding from vessels: a - main places for pressing arteries: 1 - temporal; 2 - occipital; 3, 4 - sleepy; 5 - subclavian; 6 - axillary; 7 - shoulder; 8 - beam; 9 - elbow; 10 - femoral; 11 - anterior tibial; 12 - posterior tibial; b - examples of finger pressure

In case of bleeding from head wounds, the temporal artery is pressed in front of the ear tragus, at the level of the eyebrow; when bleeding from wounds, the cheeks or lips press the mandibular artery on the lower jaw against the small molar; bleeding from wounds of the head and face can also be stopped by pressing one of the carotid arteries (on the side of the larynx) to the cervical vertebrae.

Bleeding from the brachial artery can be stopped by pressing a tight roll of cotton into the armpit; from wounds on the leg - by pressing the femoral artery in the middle of the inguinal fold (Figure 2).

Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fig.2. Flexion of the limb in the joints to stop bleeding: a - from the forearm; b - from the lower leg; in - from the lower leg; g - from the thigh

Severe arterial bleeding from wounds on the extremities is stopped by applying a tourniquet or twist above the wounds (Figure 3). Before applying a tourniquet (rubber), it is necessary to put a soft lining of cloth, cotton wool or gauze under it. The tourniquet is slightly stretched and several turns are made around the limb one to the other. to form a wide pressing surface; the ends of the bundle are fastened with a hook and chain or tied.

Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fig.3. The use of a tourniquet and twist to stop bleeding: a - the imposition of a rubber tourniquet; b - the imposition of a cloth tourniquet; c - application of twist

A cloth tourniquet - cotton braid - is thrown over the limb and wound in several layers. The free end of the braid is then threaded into the buckle, tightened as tight as possible, and secured with a twist. In the absence of a tourniquet, you can use improvised means (rope, scarf, bandage, trouser belt), with which a twist is applied. A tourniquet (twist) is applied for no more than 1,5 ... 2 hours, and in cold weather - no more than 1 hour, otherwise necrosis of the limbs may occur.

The time of applying the tourniquet (twist) must be noted (with a pencil, pen) on the bandage itself or on the paper that is placed under the tourniquet (twist). Another reliable way to stop bleeding from wounds of the limbs is the maximum flexion of the limb in the joints with its fixation in this position (Figure 4).

Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fig.4. Techniques for stopping bleeding with maximum fixed flexion of the limb

Any wound can become dangerous not only as a result of bleeding, but also due to infection with microbes. To avoid this, it is forbidden to touch the wound with your hands, remove deep-seated fragments (foreign bodies) from it, and remove the remnants of clothing adhering to it. A piece of sterile gauze or bandage is usually placed on the wound. They bandage, as a rule, from left to right, closing the previous one half the width of the bandage with each new turn, from the narrow part of the body to the wider one, i.e. from bottom to top (Figure 5).

In case of penetrating wounds of the abdomen, the wound is closed with a sterile napkin, and if the internal organs fall out, a cotton-gauze ring, a sterile napkin are applied around them and not tightly bandaged. It is forbidden to insert prolapsed internal organs into the wound. A victim with such a wound should not be allowed to drink, you can only moisten your lips with water.

Techniques and methods for stopping bleeding, the rules for applying bandages for wounds

Fig.5. The use of dressings: a - gauze; b - using an individual dressing bag (top right - preparing a dressing bag for use)

Authors: Afanasiev Yu.G., Ovcharenko A.G., Trutneva L.I.

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