First aid for cardiac and respiratory arrest. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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First aid for cardiac and respiratory arrest. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Helping a child under the age of one

1. To find out if the child is conscious, rub him on the back or gently rub him.

2. If the child does not respond, then, firmly supporting the head and neck with your hand and without bending his back, lay the child on a hard surface, face up and expose his chest.

3. To free the airway from the sunken tongue, lift the child's chin and move the head back.

4. If you suspect a child has a spinal injury, push his lower jaw forward while trying not to move his head and neck. The child's mouth must be open.

5. Place your ear close to your baby's mouth to hear his breathing and see if his chest is moving. Look and listen for no more than 5 seconds.

6. If the child is not breathing, begin artificial respiration. Without changing the position of the child's head, tightly wrap your lips around his nose and mouth. Take a shallow breath and make two light blows of air lasting for a second each, with a pause between them.

8. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, carefully change the position of the child's head and take two more breaths of air.

9. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, then the airways are obstructed. In this case, follow the measures described in the chapter "Foreign body in the airways".

10. Noticing that the chest rises during artificial respiration, place two fingers on the inside of the child's arm just above the elbow and apply light pressure. For 5-10 seconds, try to feel for a pulse.

I. If there is a pulse, continue artificial respiration with one breath every three seconds. Check your pulse every twenty breaths.

12. After one minute, call an emergency. Then continue artificial respiration with a pulse check.

13. If the child has no pulse, start chest compressions.

14. Without changing the position of the baby's head, place two fingers in the middle of his sternum just below the nipples. Within 3 seconds, sharply press the sternum five times so that the sternum drops 1,5-2,5 cm each time. Press the sternum smoothly and rhythmically, without taking your fingers off it.

15. Alternate one breath with five chest compressions. Repeat these steps ten times.

16. Again, within 5-10 seconds, try to feel the pulse.

17. Repeat the techniques described in paragraphs 10 and 11 until the pulse appears or the doctor arrives. If the pulse is restored, repeat the technique described in paragraph 8.

Helping a child from 1 to 8 years old

1. To find out if the child is conscious, gently rub him and call his name.

2. If the child does not respond, then, firmly supporting the head and neck with your hand and without bending his back, lay the child on a hard surface, face up and expose his chest.

3. To free the airway from the sunken tongue, lift the child's chin and move the head back.

4. If you suspect a child has a spinal injury, push his lower jaw forward while trying not to move his head and neck. The child's mouth must be open.

5. Place your ear close to your baby's mouth to hear his breathing and see if his chest is moving. Look and listen for no more than 5 seconds.

6. If the child is not breathing, begin artificial respiration.

7. Without changing the position of the child's head, pinch his nose with your thumb and forefinger and press your mouth firmly against his mouth. Take two slow full breaths, with a pause in between.

8. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, change the position of the child's head and take two more breaths of air.

9. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, then the airways are obstructed. You need to be treated according to the instructions in the Foreign Body in the Airway section.

10. Noticing that the chest rises during artificial respiration, touch two fingers to the Adam's apple. Move your fingers into the depression between the Adam's apple and the muscle on the side of the neck. For 5-10 seconds, try to feel for a pulse.

11. If there is a pulse, continue artificial respiration with one breath every four seconds. Check your pulse every 15 breaths.

12. After a minute, call an emergency. Then continue artificial respiration with a pulse check.

13. If there is no pulse, start chest compressions. Without changing the position of the child's head, place the protrusion of your palm on his sternum five times so that the sternum drops 2,5-4 cm each time. Press the sternum smoothly and rhythmically, without lifting the protrusion of your palm from it.

14. Alternate one breath with five chest compressions. Repeat these techniques 10 times.

15. Again, within 5-10 seconds, try to find the pulse.

16. Repeat these techniques until the pulse appears or the doctor arrives.

Help for a child over 8 years old

1. To find out if the child is conscious, gently rub him and call his name.

2. If the child does not respond, then, firmly supporting the head and neck with your hand and without bending his back, lay the child on a hard surface, face up and expose his chest.

3. To free the airway from the sunken tongue, lift the child's chin and move the head back.

4. If you suspect a child has a spinal injury, push his lower jaw forward while trying not to move his head and neck. The child's mouth must remain open.

5. Place your ear close to your baby's mouth to hear his breathing and see if his chest is moving. Look and listen for no more than 5 seconds.

6. If the child is not breathing, begin artificial respiration.

7. Without changing the position of the child's head, pinch his nose with your thumb and forefinger and press your mouth firmly against his mouth. Take two slow full breaths, with a pause in between.

8. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, change the position of the child's head and take two more breaths of air.

9. If the chest does not move during artificial respiration, then the airways are obstructed.

11. If there is a pulse, continue artificial respiration with one breath every 5 seconds. Check your pulse every 12 breaths.

12. After a minute, call an emergency. Then continue artificial respiration with a pulse check.

13. If the child has no pulse, start chest compressions.

Without changing the position of the child's head, place the protrusion of your palm on his sternum two fingers above its lower edge. Put your other hand on top. Close your fingers with a lock, while they should not touch the baby's chest. Lean forward a little and within 10 seconds, sharply press the sternum 15 times so that the sternum drops 4-5 cm each time. Press the sternum smoothly and rhythmically, without lifting the protrusion of the palm from it.

Alternate two breaths with 15 chest compressions. Repeat these steps 4 times.

14. Again, within 5-10 seconds, try to find the pulse.

15. Repeat these techniques until the pulse appears or the doctor arrives.

ATTENTION!

If the heart is beating, do not press on the chest, as this can lead to cardiac arrest.

If you suspect a child has a spinal injury, do not move the child's head and neck when determining if he is breathing.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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