Bleeding. Medical care for a child

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Bleeding. Medical care for a child

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Bleeding is arterial, venous and capillary. Capillary bleeding is usually weak and does not pose a danger, as it occurs when small, superficial vessels are damaged. Venous bleeding can be quite severe and requires prompt assistance to the victim. With arterial bleeding, blood loss occurs very quickly, as blood gushing from the wound. It is the most dangerous, as the victim can die from blood loss. It is important here not to get confused and quickly stop the blood by pressing the damaged artery.

It is very important to be able to distinguish one bleeding from another. Sometimes a heavily bleeding superficial head wound is not as dangerous as a small but deep wound at the site where the artery passes. In any case, you need to be able to quickly come to the aid of the child and try to stop the bleeding.

Signs of arterial bleeding

Blood gushes out from the wound with every heartbeat.

The blood is bright red.

Signs of venous bleeding

Blood slowly flows out of the wound.

The blood is dark in color.

When to see a doctor

If the child has a deep wound and the bleeding cannot be stopped, call the emergency room.

If the child is in shock, call an ambulance while giving him anti-shock assistance.

First aid for arterial bleeding

1. Reassure the child.

2. Find the source of bleeding.

3. With clean hands, remove any visible foreign objects from the wound.

4. Using a sterile dressing or clean cloth, press directly on the wound to stop the bleeding.

ATTENTION!

You can not resort to direct pressure: in case of eye injury; with a wound in which an object is stuck; with a head injury, if there is a risk of a skull fracture.

5. Raise the bleeding limb above the level of the child's heart unless you suspect a broken bone and if this does not increase the child's pain.

6. If the bleeding does not stop or if you need to free your hands, apply a pressure bandage. To do this, twist the bandage into a long strip and tie it tightly over the wound.

7. If the bleeding does not stop after fifteen minutes of direct pressure, or if the wound is too large to be effectively covered, apply pressure to a large artery.

8. If the bleeding stops with direct pressure, but then starts again, return to direct pressure on the wound.

9. If the bleeding is very heavy, take steps to prevent shock while you wait for medical help to arrive:

lay the child down and raise his legs to a height of 30-40 cm;
cover him with a blanket.

ATTENTION!

Do not move the child if there is suspicion of damage to the skull, neck or spine or if this increases the pain.

First aid for venous bleeding

1. If the wound is shallow, wash with warm soapy water and dry.

2. No need to wash deep and heavily bleeding wounds.

3. Apply pressure to the wound with a clean, dry cloth.

4. If the limb is injured, lift it up.

5. Firmly but gently press the tissue against the wound for 5-10 minutes until the bleeding stops. If blood has seeped through the tissue, do not remove it from the wound so as not to interfere with the formation of a blood clot. Lay another piece of fabric over the first piece.

6. Signs of shock:

the child is dizzy;
he loses consciousness;
the skin becomes pale, cold and moist;
breathing is shallow and rapid, and the pulse is weak and frequent.

In this case, proceed to resuscitation measures:

soothe the child, monitor breathing and pulse;
if the child is conscious and does not have a chest injury with respiratory problems or a head injury, lay him on his back and raise his legs 20-30 cm;
if the child has not lost consciousness, but he has a chest injury with respiratory problems or a head injury, raise his head, not his legs;
to keep warm, cover the child with a blanket or coat;
if the baby does not have a heartbeat and is not breathing, begin CPR.

7. If the bleeding has stopped, even if it has not stopped completely, be sure to bandage the wound with a clean cloth. Please note: the bandage applied to the limb should be tight, but not cause blanching and coldness of the limb: too tight bandage prevents normal blood circulation.

8. If the bleeding does not stop, apply a tourniquet. To do this, take a piece of clean cloth. Tie an arm or leg tightly above the wound, tie a knot, under which place a stick or pencil in the form of a twist. Turn the knot with a pencil several times until the bleeding stops. Hold the tourniquet for no more than an hour, periodically loosening the knot for 1-2 minutes.

9. If it is impossible to apply a tourniquet (when the wound is located on the face, head, neck), to stop the bleeding, press the place located above the wound with your palm or fist.

Author: Basharova N.A.

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