Providing first aid for burns, frostbite

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Providing first aid for burns, frostbite

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

First Aid thermal burns. It is necessary to carefully remove the smoldering remnants of clothing from the victim. It is impossible to tear off the remnants of clothing adhering to the burn surface, they must be cut with scissors along the border of the burn and a bandage applied directly to them.

I degree burns are treated with 70% alcohol. For burns of the II degree, after treatment with alcohol, apply a dry sterile dressing to the burned surface, for III-IV degrees, apply a sterile dressing. For extensive burns of any degree, the victim should be wrapped in a clean sheet, carefully wrapped in blankets and taken to a medical facility as soon as possible. When providing first aid, it is forbidden to open blisters, apply any lotions, rinses, ointment bandages.

To prevent shock, rest, warming and painkillers are used, drinking plenty of water in the form of a soda-salt solution (1 tsp of table salt and 1/2 tsp of baking soda per 1 liter of water). When transporting the burned, if possible, they are placed on an undamaged part of the body and carefully wrapped up and given as much warm drink as possible.

In case of burns of the respiratory tract from inhaled hot air (in case of fire) or smoke, shortness of breath, hoarseness, cough occurs. It is urgent to send the victim to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the skin burn.

Chemical burns most often occur when various chemicals come into contact with the skin or mucous membranes: strong acids, alkalis, volatile oils, phosphorus, as well as from prolonged exposure to gasoline or kerosene vapors.

First aid: immediate and abundant washing for 5-10 minutes of the affected area with water, preferably under pressure. In case of burns with lime or phosphorus, it is necessary to first remove the remnants of the substance in a dry way and only then proceed to washing. The affected area is washed with neutralizing solutions: for burns with acids or phosphorus - 2% solution of bicarbonate soda or soapy water, for burns with alkalis - 1-2% solution of citric, acetic or boric acid. Then a dry bandage is applied, and in case of burns with phosphorus, lotions are made from a 2-5% solution of copper sulfate or a 5% solution of potassium permanganate. For burns with phosphorus, oil dressings should not be used.

The victim with any kind of frostbite is placed in a warm room. The patient is given hot tea, coffee, wine.

The whitened part of the body is rubbed with cleanly washed, moistened or lubricated hands with sterile vaseline, and best of all with alcohol or vodka until the frostbitten place turns red and becomes warm.

You can not perform rubbing with snow, as it cools the skin. Dirty and sharp pieces of ice can damage and contaminate frostbitten skin. At the end of rubbing, dry the frostbitten area, wipe it with alcohol and apply a clean bandage with a thick layer of cotton wool on it.

You should not lubricate the frostbitten part of the body with iodine tincture or any fat, as this makes subsequent treatment difficult. If swelling has already set in or blisters have appeared, then rubbing can not be done.

Authors: Alekseev V.S., Zhidkova O.I., Tkachenko N.V.

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