Types of bleeding. Health care

FUNDAMENTALS OF FIRST AID
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Types of bleeding. Health care

Fundamentals of First Aid (OPMP)

Bleeding are of varying strength and depend on the type and caliber of the damaged vessel. Bleeding, in which blood flows out of a wound or natural openings, is called outdoor. Bleeding in which blood accumulates in body cavities is called internal. Especially dangerous are internal bleedings into closed cavities - pleural, abdominal, into the heart shirt, into the cranial cavity. These bleedings are imperceptible, their diagnosis is extremely difficult, and they can remain unrecognized.

Internal bleeding occurs with penetrating wounds, closed injuries (ruptures of internal organs without damage to the skin as a result of a strong blow, fall from a height, squeezing), as well as diseases of internal organs (ulcer, cancer, tuberculosis, blood vessel aneurysm).

With a decrease in the amount of circulating blood, the activity of the heart worsens, the supply of oxygen to vital organs - the brain, kidneys, and liver - is disrupted. This causes a sharp violation of all metabolic processes in the body, and then death.

Distinguish arterial, venous, capillary и parenchymal bleeding.

Arterial bleeding is the most dangerous: in a short time, a person loses a large amount of blood flowing out under great pressure. Blood of bright red (scarlet) color beats with a pulsating jet. This type of bleeding occurs with deep chopped, stab wounds. If large arteries, the aorta, are damaged, blood loss that is incompatible with life can occur within a few minutes.

Venous bleeding occurs when the veins are damaged, in which the blood pressure is much lower than in the arteries, and the blood (it is dark cherry in color) flows out more slowly, evenly and continuously. Venous bleeding is less intense than arterial bleeding and is therefore rarely life-threatening. However, when the veins of the neck and chest are injured, air can be drawn into the lumen of the veins at the time of a deep breath. Air bubbles, penetrating with blood flow into the heart, can cause blockage of its vessels and cause lightning death.

capillary bleeding occurs when the smallest blood vessels (capillaries) are damaged. It happens, for example, with superficial wounds, shallow skin cuts, abrasions. Blood flows out of the wound slowly, drop by drop, and if the blood clotting is normal, the bleeding stops on its own.

Parenchymal bleeding is associated with damage to internal organs that have a very developed network of blood vessels (liver, spleen, kidneys).

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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