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46. THE SECOND AND THIRD FIGURES OF THE CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM, THEIR RULES, MODES AND ROLE IN COGNITION
In the second figure - the place of the predicate in both premises
.
Varieties of syllogism that differ in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the premises are called modes of simple categorical syllogism. The total number of options in the four figures is 64 modes, but only 19 of them for the second figure are correct, i.e., corresponding to all the rules: EAE, AEE, EIO, AOO.
In addition to the general rules, there are special rules for figures.
Rules of the 2st figure:
1. Big premise - general judgment.
2. One of the premises is a negative judgment.
The 2nd figure is used when it is necessary to show that a particular case (a specific person, fact, phenomenon) cannot be brought under a general position. This case is excluded from the list of things mentioned in the major premise. In judicial practice, the 2nd figure is used to conclude that there is no corpus delicti in this particular case, to refute provisions that contradict what is said in the premise expressing the general position.
In the third figure - the place of the subject in both premises
.
The premises of a syllogism can be judgments that are different in quality and quantity: generally affirmative (A), generally negative (E), particular affirmative (/) and particular negative (O).
According to the third figure, the following modes are correct: AAI, IAI, AII, EAO, OAO, EIO.
Rules of the 3st figure:
1. Minor premise - affirmative judgment.
2. Conclusion - private judgment.
Giving only private conclusions, the 3rd figure is used most often to establish the partial compatibility of features related to the same subject. In the practice of reasoning, the 3rd figure is used relatively rarely.
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