Логика. Закон обратного отношения между содержанием и объемом понятия. Классификация понятий по объему (самое важное)

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Логика. Закон обратного отношения между содержанием и объемом понятия. Классификация понятий по объему (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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11. THE LAW OF INVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONTENT AND VOLUME OF THE CONCEPT. CLASSIFICATION OF CONCEPTS BY VOLUME

The content and scope of the concept are organically linked. A certain content of a concept corresponds to its specific volume and vice versa. A pattern can be traced in their relationship: with a decrease in the volume of a concept, its content becomes richer, since the number of features in it increases, and vice versa, with an increase in the volume, the number of features decreases. This pattern has been called the law of the inverse relationship between the volume and content of a concept. Its action extends to such concepts, of which one acts as a subclass or element of another and manifests itself in the process of such logical operations as generalization and limitation of concepts.

Increasing the content of the concept of "state" by adding a new feature - "modern", we move on to the concept of "modern state", which has a smaller volume. Increasing the volume of the concept "textbook on the theory of state and law", we pass to the concept of "textbook", which has less content.

In terms of volume First of all, empty and non-empty concepts are singled out.

empty are called concepts whose volume is equal to zero. These include concepts that are mythological in nature (centaur, mermaid), concepts whose scientific failure has come to light over time (caloric, phlogiston, perpetual motion machine), as well as concepts about something that does not really exist, but is possible (an extraterrestrial civilization, aliens).

Until recently, the concept of "President of Russia" belonged to such concepts.

Non-empty concepts have a scope that includes at least one real object. Non-empty concepts are divided into singular and general.

If the volume of a concept is only one object of thought, then it is called single, eg. Sun, Earth, Russia, etc. Units are concepts that relate to a collection of objects, if this collection is thought of as a single whole: the Solar system, humanity, the UN, etc.

General concepts include in their scope a group of objects, and they are applicable to each element of this group (star, planet, state). General concepts can be registering and non-registering.

registering are called concepts in which the set of elements conceivable in them can be taken into account, registered at least in principle, for example. the concepts "participants of the Great Patriotic War", "planet of the solar system", "relatives of the victim Shilov". The registering concepts have a finite scope.

A general concept referring to an indefinite number of elements is called non-registering. For example, in the concepts of “person”, “investigator”, “decree”, the many elements conceivable in them cannot be taken into account; all people, investigators, decrees of the past, present and future are conceived in them. Non-registering concepts have an infinite scope.

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