Логика. Содержание и объем понятия (самое важное)

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Логика. Содержание и объем понятия (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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10. CONTENT AND SCOPE OF THE CONCEPT

The concept is the simplest form of thinking, but it has a complex structure, that is, it consists of elements that are connected in a certain way. The concept differs content и volume.

The content of a concept is the totality of essential features of an object, which is conceived in this concept. For example, the content of the concept of “crime” is the following characteristics: socially dangerous nature of the act, illegality, guilt, punishability. The content of a concept can be schematically expressed as follows: A(BCDs), where A is any concept in general, and BCDs are the attributes of objects conceivable in it.

The scope of a concept is the set of objects that is conceived in the concept. The scope of the concept “crime” covers all crimes, since they have common essential features. Graphically, the scope of a concept is depicted by a circle, where A is any concept.

The objects included in the scope of the concept are called by class or many. A class is made up of subclasses or subsets. For example, the class of phenomena covered by the concept of “law” includes such subclasses (subsets) as historical forms of law - slave, feudal, bourgeois, etc., its various branches - labor, civil, criminal, etc.

An individual item belonging to a class of items is called an element. For example, criminal, civil, labor law are elements of the “law” class.

Distinguish a universal class, a unit class, and a null or empty class. A class consisting of all elements of the domain under study is called a universal class, eg. class of planets of the solar system, class of cities of the world, academies or universities.

Single class - a class consisting of one subject: planet Earth, city of Moscow, etc.

An empty (null) class does not contain a single item (centaur, perpetual motion machine, round square).

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