Logics. Logical operation of dividing concepts. Types of division (most important)

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Logics. Logical operation of dividing concepts. Types of division (most important)

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17. LOGICAL OPERATION OF DIVISION OF CONCEPTS. TYPES OF DIVISION

A logical operation that reveals the scope of a concept is called division. Division allows us to identify the range of objects to which this concept applies; this is the division of the genus into species. Genus-species relationships are characterized by the fact that what can be said about the genus can also be said about the species. Thus, the concept of “constitution” can be divided into the constitution of a federal state and the constitution of a unitary state. These concepts have the same characteristics as the generic concept.

Division must be distinguished from mental dismemberment. Dismemberment refers to the relationship of the whole and the part. Thus, the constitution is divided into articles and paragraphs that do not have the features of the concept of "constitution".

Division is necessary in the following cases:

1) when it is necessary to reveal not only the essence, but also the forms of its manifestation;

2) when it is necessary to outline the scope of the concept;

3) in case of polysemy of the term.

The division has its own structure. It differs:

▪ dividend - this is a generic concept, the scope of which is revealed through its constituent types (in our example, this is the constitution);

▪ division members - types of generic concept obtained as a result of the operation itself (the constitution of a unitary state, the constitution of a federal state);

▪ base of division - the sign (or signs) on which this operation is performed (in our case, this is the nature of the state structure).

There are two types of division: according to the modification of the attribute and dichotomous.

1 - division by modification of the characteristic underlying the division. For example, all people can be divided into groups according to various criteria: racial, social, professional, gender, age, territorial, etc. In each of these cases, the members of the division will be different. This type of division is often used in science and legal practice. However, the disadvantage of this type of division is that the volume of the generic concept being divided may be inexhaustible.

2 - dichotomous division (from the Greek words dicha - into two parts and tome - section) represents the division of the volume of the dividing concept into two contradictory concepts. For example: nature is divided into living and nonliving, chemical elements into metals and non-metals, etc. The advantage of this type of division is that the scope of the dividing concept is completely exhausted, but its disadvantage is that the area of the negative concept remains quite vague.

Sometimes a mixed division is used. For example, citizens are divided into capable and incapacitated, and then capable, in turn, are divided into fully and partially capable.

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