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45. FIRST FIGURE OF CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM, ITS RULES, MODES AND ROLE IN COGNITION
In the premises of a simple categorical syllogism, the middle term can take the place of a subject or a predicate. Depending on this, four types of syllogism are distinguished, which are called figures.
Syllogism figures - these are its varieties, differing in the position of the middle term in the premises.
In the first figure, the middle term takes the place of the subject in the major and the place of the predicate in the minor premises.
The premises of a syllogism can be judgments that are different in quality and quantity: generally affirmative (A), generally negative (E), particular affirmative (/) and particular negative (O).
Varieties of syllogism that differ in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the premises are called modes of simple categorical syllogism. The total number of options in the four figures is 64 modes, but only 19 of them are correct, that is, corresponding to all the rules. According to the first figure, these are the modes: AAA, EAE, AII, EIO.
In addition to the general rules, there are special rules for figures.
Rules of the 1st figure:
1. Big premise - general judgment.
2. Minor premise - affirmative judgment. The first figure is the most typical form of deductive reasoning. From the general position, which often expresses the law of science, the legal norm, a conclusion is made about a separate fact, an isolated case, a specific person. This figure is widely used in judicial practice. The legal assessment (qualification) of legal phenomena, the application of the rule of law to a particular case, the imposition of punishment for a crime committed by a specific person, and other judicial decisions take the logical form of the 1st figure of the syllogism.
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