Logics. Classification of concepts by content (the most important)

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Logics. Classification of concepts by content (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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12. CLASSIFICATION OF CONCEPTS BY CONTENT

According to the content All concepts are divided into four groups.

▪ Positive and negative

Positive concepts are called, the content of which is the properties inherent in the subject. For example, competent, orderly. Negative concepts are called, the content of which indicates the absence of certain properties of the object. E.g., illiterate, disorder. In Russian, such concepts often begin with the prefixes "ne-" or "bez-". In words of foreign origin with a negative prefix - a-: anonymous, asymmetry. It should be noted that not all words of the Russian language that begin with non- and without- contain negation of signs, for example. bauble, indignation.

▪ Collective and non-collective Collective are called concepts in which the signs of a certain set of elements that make up a single whole are thought, for example. collective, regiment, constellation. The content of a collective concept cannot be attributed to each individual element included in its scope, it refers to the entire set of elements. For example, the essential features of a team (a group of people united by a common work, common interests) are not applicable to each individual member of the team. Collective concepts can be general (collective, regiment, constellation) and singular (collective of our institute, constellation Ursa Major). Non-collective are called concepts in which the signs related to each of its elements (star, state, region) are thought. In the process of discussion, general concepts can be used in a divisive and collective sense. For example, the concept of "man" in the sentence "A man explores space" has a collective meaning, because it does not apply to each person individually, and in the sentence "A man has the right to citizenship" has a divisive meaning, because it refers to each to a person.

▪ Concrete and abstract concepts

A concept is called concrete in which an object or a set of objects is conceived as something independently existing (a book, a witness, a state). Specific concepts can be both general and singular. An abstract concept is a concept in which a sign of an object or a relationship between objects is conceived (courage, responsibility, whiteness, friendship, mediation). Abstract concepts can be general (mediation, whiteness) or singular (Einstein's genius).

▪ Non-relative and correlative concepts Irrelevant are concepts that reflect objects that exist separately and are thought outside their relationship with other objects (student, state, law). Correlative concepts are those that contain signs indicating the relationship of one concept to another (parents - children, boss - subordinate, plaintiff - defendant).

Knowledge of the types of concepts - one of the necessary conditions that ensure the accuracy and clarity of thinking. To operate with a concept, it is necessary not only to clearly know its content and scope, but also to be able to give it a logical description. For example, a lawyer is a general (non-registering), non-collective, concrete, positive, irrelevant concept.

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