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79. BASIC RULES OF LOGICAL EVIDENCE
The logical connection of arguments with the thesis proceeds in the form of such conclusions as deduction, induction and analogy. The logical correctness of the demonstration depends on the observance of the rules of the corresponding inferences.
1. The deductive method of argumentation involves the observance of a number of methodological and logical requirements. The most important include the following:
1) an exact definition or description in a larger premise that plays the role of an argument, the original theoretical or empirical position. In judicial research, individual legal provisions and articles of codes often act as generalizing arguments, on the basis of which a legal assessment of specific phenomena is given;
2) an accurate and reliable description of a specific event, which is given in the minor premise;
3) compliance with all the rules of categorical, conditional, dividing and mixed forms of syllogisms.
2. The inductive method of argumentation is used, as a rule, in cases where factual data are used as arguments. The evidentiary value of inductive justification depends on the stable recurrence of properties in homogeneous phenomena. The greater the number of favorable cases observed and the more diverse the conditions for their selection, the more solid the inductive argument. Most often, inductive justification leads only to problematic conclusions, because what is characteristic of individual objects is not always inherent in the entire group of phenomena. 3. Argumentation in the form of analogy is used in the case of assimilation of single events and phenomena.
Since the analogy of socio-historical phenomena does not always give unconditional and final conclusions, it can be used only as an addition to deductive or inductive justification.
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