Hydromechanical equipment of micro hydroelectric power stations. Scheme, description

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Hydromechanical equipment of micro hydroelectric power stations. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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In addition to hydraulic structures, micro hydroelectric power plants include hydro turbines, hydro generators and an electrical control system.

Hydromechanical equipment of micro hydroelectric power plants
Fig.18. An example of an absorber circuit

The hydraulic turbine consists of a supply path, directly - the impeller (its various types are described below), a guide vane and a discharge path.

In practice, there are two classes of hydraulic turbines: active and jet. The class of jet turbines includes: propeller, rotary-blade and radial-axial turbines. The class of active turbines includes mainly bucket turbines. The choice of the type of hydraulic turbine depends on the hydraulic parameters (Fig. 19).

Hydromechanical equipment of micro hydroelectric power plants
Fig.19. Diagram of calculation of the choice of the type of hydraulic turbine

The supply path is a system for organizing the supply of water directly to the guide vane and the impeller of the hydraulic turbine from the pressure pipeline. It may contain various connecting and adjusting devices (flanges, valves).

Guide apparatus:

in jet turbines, these are blades installed in front of the impeller of the hydraulic turbine. By turning the guide vanes, the necessary change in the water flow through the turbine and the best flow direction for flow around the impeller blades are provided. This increases the efficiency of the turbine in off-design modes.
in active hydraulic turbines, the guide vane is a nozzle (nozzle) with a shut-off needle, with which the water flow is regulated.

The discharge tract is a system for organizing the removal of water from the turbine chamber to discharge it into the river.

Authors: Kartanbaev B.A., Zhumadilov K.A., Zazulsky A.A.

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