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Supertelescope Athena and its tasks

10.07.2014

The European Space Agency has decided on the next significant space exploration project. As part of a recent conference, the Athena (Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics) project was chosen as the basis for creating a new generation space observatory. As part of the program, by 2028 a spacecraft will be created and sent into space to record the behavior of high-energy objects, including black holes and gamma-ray bursts. With its help, scientists expect to find answers to two important questions:

- how normal (non-dark) matter comes together to form structures on a universal scale;
- How does the growth of supermassive black holes occur and how is their environment formed?

The equipment that will be installed on board Athena will be a hundred times more sensitive than that used on the CHANDRA and XMM-Newton space observatories. With its help, researchers will be able to track orbits extremely close to the event horizon of a black hole, measure the rotation of supermassive black holes in the nuclei of active galaxies, and perform spectroscopy of stellar matter flowing from galactic nuclei. In addition, it will be possible to look at the black holes of the young Universe. The list of capabilities of the future device is not limited to this, it will be possible to record the energy released by black holes on galactic and intergalactic scales with high accuracy, and much more.

Athena's main instrument will be a mirror with a collecting surface area of 3 m2, a resolution of 5 arcseconds and a focal length of 12 meters. In order to completely exclude the influence of the telescope radiation on the received data, all the electronic equipment of the telescope, in addition to the extremely low temperatures of outer space, will be additionally shielded from heating by sunlight. The "working place" of the telescope will be the Lagrange point L2 of the Earth-Sun system, 1,5 million km away from our planet. The planned operating life is 5 years. The cost of the project at this stage is estimated at 1 billion euros.

Athena will be the second major project to be implemented under the ESA "Cosmic Vision 2015-25" program. JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer), which in 2022 will set off to study the large satellites of Jupiter - Callisto, Ganymede and Europa, will become the first device of the ten-year program for the development of European astronautics.

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