Purpose, main tasks and structure of the RSChS. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Purpose, main tasks and structure of the RSChS. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Unified State System for Prevention and Elimination of Emergency Situations (RSChS) is designed to prevent emergencies in peacetime, and in case of their occurrence - to eliminate their consequences, ensure the safety of the population, protect the environment and reduce damage to economic facilities.

The RSChS unites the governing bodies, forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments, organizations whose powers include addressing issues of protecting the population and territories from emergencies.

The main tasks of the RSChS are:

1) development and implementation of legal and economic norms related to ensuring the protection of the population and territories from emergencies;

2) implementation of targeted and scientific and technical programs aimed at preventing emergencies and improving the sustainability of the functioning of enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of their organizational and legal forms, as well as their subordinate production and social facilities in emergencies;

3) ensuring the readiness for action of the authorities, forces and means intended for the prevention and elimination of emergencies;

4) collection, processing, exchange and issuance of information in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies;

5) preparation of the population for actions in case of emergency;

6) forecasting and assessment of the socio-economic consequences of emergencies;

7) creation of reserves of financial and material resources for emergency response;

8) implementation of state expertise, supervision and control in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies;

9) liquidation of emergency situations;

10) implementation of measures for the social protection of the population affected by emergencies, carrying out humanitarian actions;

11) implementation of the rights and obligations of the population in the field of protection against emergency situations, including persons directly involved in their liquidation;

12) international cooperation in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergency situations.

The structure of the bodies of the RSChS

The structure of the RSChS bodies is made up of territorial and functional subsystems, which have five levels: federal, regional, territorial, local and facility.

Let's consider each element of the structure of the RSChS organs.

Territorial subsystems (TS) RSChS are created in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to prevent and eliminate emergency situations within their territory and consist of units corresponding to the administrative division of these territories.

Functional subsystems (FP) RSChS are created by federal executive authorities to organize work to protect the population and territories from emergencies in the field of their activities and the sectors of the economy entrusted to them.

Each level of the RSChS has coordinating bodies, permanent management bodies for civil defense and emergency situations, daily management bodies, forces and means, reserves of financial and material resources, communication, warning, and information support systems.

The coordinating bodies of the RSChS are:

1) at the federal level - government commission for the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations and departmental commissions for emergency situations in federal executive bodies;

2) at the regional level, covering the territories of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation - regional centers for civil defense, emergency situations and elimination of consequences of natural disasters. On the territory of the Russian Federation, six such centers are organized in the regions: North-West with a center in St. Petersburg, Central with a center in Moscow, South with a center in Rostov, Privolzhsko-Uralsky with a center in Yekaterinburg, Siberian with a center in Novosibirsk, Far East with a center in Khabarovsk ;

3) at the territorial levelcovering the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation - commissions for emergency situations of the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation;

4) at the local level, covering the territory of the district, city (district in the city), - commissions for emergency situations of local governments;

5) at the facility levelcovering the territory of an organization or an object - the object commissions for emergency situations.

For us, the object commissions for emergency situations are of the greatest interest.

The main tasks of the facility CoES are:

1) management of the development and implementation of measures to prevent emergencies, improve the reliability of potentially dangerous facilities, ensure the sustainability of the operation of facilities in the event of an emergency;

2) organization of work to create and maintain in a state of readiness local control and warning systems at potentially hazardous facilities;

3) ensuring the readiness of command and control bodies, forces and means for action in emergency situations, managing their liquidation and evacuation of the operating personnel of facilities;

4) management of the creation and use of reserves of financial and material resources for the elimination of emergencies;

5) organizing the training of the management staff, forces and means, as well as the operating personnel of the facilities for actions in emergency situations.

The permanent governing bodies of the RSChS are:

1) at the federal level - Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia);

2) at the regional level - regional centers for civil defense and emergency situations;

3) at the regional and local levels - management bodies for civil defense and emergency situations (GOChS), created under the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and under local governments;

4) at the facility level - departments (sectors or specially appointed persons) for civil defense and emergency situations.

The daily management bodies of the RSChS are:

1) stationary control posts (crisis control centers), mobile control posts, operational and duty services of the civil defense authorities of all levels;

2) duty dispatch services and specialized subdivisions of federal executive bodies and organizations.

Control centers (crisis control centers) are equipped with modern means of transportation (vehicles, helicopters, airplanes), technical means of communication, warning, collection, processing and transmission of information and are maintained in constant readiness for use.

The composition of the RSChS includes the forces and means of federal executive authorities, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations participating in accordance with their duties to monitor and control the state of the environment, potentially dangerous objects and to eliminate the consequences emergency situations.

The composition of these forces includes emergency rescue units, staffed to ensure work in autonomous mode for at least 3 days and are in a state of full readiness (forces of constant readiness).

Specially trained forces and means of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops and military formations are involved in the liquidation of emergency situations in the manner determined by the President of the Russian Federation.

By the decision of the heads of organizations and facilities, on the basis of existing specialized organizations, services and divisions (construction, medical, chemical, repair, etc.), emergency rescue teams can be created to carry out rescue and other urgent work in emergency situations.

Information Support The functioning of the RSChS in emergency situations is carried out by the information and control system of the bodies of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

The procedure for collecting information in the field of protection of the population and territories from emergencies and the exchange of this information between state authorities and governing bodies is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The functioning of the RSChS is carried out depending on the situation, the scale of the predicted or emerging emergency in three modes:

1) routine of daily activities - under normal industrial, radiation, chemical, biological, seismic and hydrometeorological conditions, in the absence of epidemics;

2) high availability mode - in case of deterioration of the industrial, radiation, chemical, biological, seismic and hydrometeorological situation, when receiving a forecast about the possibility of an emergency;

3) emergency regime - in case of occurrence and during liquidation of emergency situations.

The main activities carried out during the functioning of the RSChS are:

1) in the mode of daily activities:

a) monitoring and control over the state of the natural environment, the situation at potentially dangerous objects and in the territories adjacent to them;

b) planning and implementation of targeted and scientific and technical programs and measures to prevent emergency situations, ensure the safety and protection of the population, reduce possible losses and damage, as well as improve the stability of the functioning of industrial facilities and sectors of the economy in emergency situations;

c) improving the training of the management bodies of the Civil Defense and Emergency Situations, forces and means for actions in emergency situations, organizing training for the population in methods of protection and actions in emergency situations;

d) creation and replenishment of reserves of financial and material resources to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations;

e) implementation of targeted types of insurance;

2) in high alert mode:

a) the relevant commissions for emergency situations assume direct control over the functioning of the subsystems and links of the RSChS, form, if necessary, task forces to identify the reasons for the deterioration of the situation directly in the area of a possible disaster, develop proposals for its normalization;

b) strengthening the duty dispatch service;

c) strengthening monitoring and control over the state of the natural environment, the situation at potentially hazardous facilities and adjacent territories, forecasting the possibility of emergency situations and their scale;

d) taking measures to protect the population and the natural environment, to ensure the sustainable operation of facilities;

e) bringing forces and means to a state of readiness, clarifying their action plans and moving, if necessary, to the proposed emergency area;

3) in emergency mode:

a) advancement of operational groups to the emergency area;

b) determination of the boundaries of the emergency zone;

c) organizing the protection of the population;

d) organization of liquidation of emergency situations;

e) organization of work to ensure the sustainability of the functioning of economic sectors and facilities, the priority life support of the affected population;

f) implementation of continuous monitoring of the state of the natural environment in the area of emergency situations, the situation at emergency facilities and in the territories adjacent to them.

To eliminate emergency situations at all levels, as noted earlier, reserve funds of financial and material resources are being created. The nomenclature and volumes of reserves of financial and material resources are determined by the body that creates them.

The liquidation of emergency situations is carried out by the forces and means of organizations, local governments, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, on the territory of which an emergency situation has developed, under the direct supervision of the relevant CoES.

If the scale of the emergency is such that it is impossible to localize or liquidate it with the available forces and means, these commissions turn to the higher commission for emergency situations for help.

The organizational and methodological management of the planning of actions of the RSChS is carried out by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia. At all other levels, planning of measures to protect the population and territories from emergencies is carried out. The main attention is paid to the prevention of emergency situations and reduction of their scale, prevention and maximum reduction of population losses and damage to economic facilities in the event of an emergency.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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