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The ancestral home of the Indians - Altai

10.02.2012

Altai is the ancestral home of the indigenous people of America - the Indians. These conclusions were reached by a group of anthropologists from the University of Pennsylvania together with Lyudmila Osipova from the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk.

"Altai is a key region because various peoples have been coming and going here for thousands of years," says Professor Theodor Schurr, who led the American part of the group. Among the peoples that came out of Altai are the ancestors of the first American Indians. Apparently, about 20 - 25 thousand years ago, these prehistoric people of Asian origin crossed the Bering Isthmus, which connected Chukotka and Alaska, and settled America. The aim of the study, according to Schurr, was "to determine whether the populations inhabiting the Urals are 'sister' or 'parent' to the populations of the Indians."

To do this, scientists analyzed the genetic markers of maternally inherited mitochondria and Y chromosomes, which are passed from fathers to sons. They also compared the DNA of the Indians with the genetic material collected in Siberia, Central and East Asia, and Mongolia. As a result, it turned out that the inhabitants of the southern part of Altai are closest to the indigenous population of America. So, for example, both of them have a rare mutation in the Y chromosome, known as haplogroup Q. Similar results were given by the analysis of mitochondria. Knowing the approximate rate of mutations, scientists estimated that the genetic divergence between the inhabitants of Altai and the Indians occurred approximately 13-14 thousand years ago.

They managed to learn something about the inhabitants of Altai themselves. The inhabitants of the southern Altai have a great genetic similarity with the Mongols, and the inhabitants of the northern - with the inhabitants of the Urals and the Samoyeds (Nenets, etc.). At the same time, mitochondrial analysis showed a significant similarity between "southerners" and "northerners". It is likely that women moved more easily from one population to another.

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