30. CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH OF COLD WEAPONS

Steel arms - items specially made for the direct infliction of bodily harm, dangerous to human life and health at the time of application, using human muscular strength, not having a direct production or household purpose.

Cold steel is an object that is attached to the criminal case as material evidence. If bladed weapons are found at the scene or during a search, they are examined in order to find out and record their characteristics in the protocol.

It is necessary to record in the protocol: the general characteristics of the object (the name of the item, its components, the length of the item), the dimensions of the edged weapon, the completeness of the components, the method of attaching the handle to the blade, the material from which the parts of the weapon are made, its color, strength, the nature of the surface ( smooth, rough, serrated), the shape of the blade, the sharpening of the blade and the end of the blade, the degree of sharpness of sharpening, the elasticity of the blade, whether there are recesses on the blade, stiffening ribs (protrusions), whether there is a limiter on the handle, what known samples this weapon coincides with. If there are any inscriptions, they are also recorded in the protocol. In addition to describing the weapon itself, the item in which the edged weapon was stored, what it was made of, its size, shape, etc. is measured and described.

To determine the type of weapon, special albums and manuals can be used. Melee weapons should definitely be photographed close-up (traces left on the weapon, its features). A record is made in the protocol that photographs were taken, and the photographs are attached to the materials of the criminal case.

Then edged weapons are packed, sealed and sent to the expert for examination.

Forensic research can address the following questions:

1) whether the presented item is a cold weapon;

2) what type and variety the object submitted for examination belongs to;

3) how cold weapons are made: factory, home-made or handicraft;

4) what is the nature of the damage, what tool could have left it;

5) whether the damage could have been left by this type of weapon, which is submitted for examination. Not only edged weapons are sent for examination, but also the object on which damage was found.

In the study of edged weapons, all stages of forensic research are carried out: expert examination, separate research, comparative research, final stage and conclusion.

In the forensic investigation of edged weapons, it is necessary to highlight the essential features that can characterize the object under study. Also, attention should be directed to the detection of markings. Each type of bladed weapon has a set of basic features that characterize it. It is this set of features that the expert should display in his conclusion.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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