Forensics. Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns (the most important)

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Forensics. Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns (the most important)

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13. TRACES OF HANDS. PROPERTIES AND TYPES OF PAPILLARY PATTERNS

The skin surface of the palms of the hands differs in its structure from the rest of the human skin surface by the presence of a peculiar relief.

The palmar surface of the hand contains several groups of signs that allow you to identify a person:

1) flexor lines (flexion);

2) "white lines" (Bokarius lines) - small folds of skin located on the palmar surface of the hand and on the phalanges of the fingers;

3) papillary lines - linear elevations that, bending, form complex structures and patterns of various shapes, are located along the entire palmar surface and are separated by small grooves;

4) thin lines;

5) scars (scars);

6) pores.

Papillary patterns are characterized by general and particular features.

Common signs include:

1) pattern type:

a) arc, in which the lines are arranged in the form of a single stream of lines across the fingertip, forming a bend in the center in the form of an arc. Arc patterns have the following types:

▪ simple;

▪ paramidal;

▪ tents;

▪ fir-tree-shaped;

▪ patterns with an indefinite structure of the central part;

b) loop, having a complex structure in the form of three systems of lines. The line of the internal pattern starts from the edge of the pattern, but not reaching the other edge, it bends in the form of a loop and returns to the same edge from which it started. The pattern consists of several nested loops. Loop patterns are divided into the following types:

▪ simple;

▪ half;

▪ closed;

▪ curved;

▪ parallel;

▪ double;

c) helical has three streams of papillary lines, the central of which has the shape of a circle, oval, or spiral. The lower and upper flows begin on one side of the fingertip and converge on the other, thereby forming two deltas. Sometimes three and four deltas occur. Scroll patterns come in the following types:

▪ simple;

▪ spiral;

▪ spiral loops;

▪ ball loops;

▪ snail loops;

▪ incomplete;

2) the number of lines between predetermined parts (dots) of the pattern;

3) the relative position of the parts and elements of the picture. Most often, the location of the deltas is taken into account, which can be:

a) internal; b average;

c) external;

d) the size of the pattern;

e) the total number of details in the pattern or its parts;

4 direction of flow of papillary lines;

5 flow width;

6 the steepness of the flow bend.

Particular signs of papillary patterns - morphological features of papillary lines, as well as: the beginning and end of papillary lines, bifurcation and merging of papillary lines - bifurcation, bridge; gap; island; scrap; dot; peephole; pores.

Properties of papillary patterns:

1) individuality;

2) constancy;

3) recoverability.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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