Forensics. Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic significance (the most important)

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Forensics. Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic significance (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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17. TRACES OF BLOOD, SEMEN AND OTHER EXTRACTIONS. TRACES OF SMOKING AND DUST, THEIR FORENSIC SIGNIFICANCE

There are traces of blood in the following forms:

1) puddlesand - are formed as a result of heavy bleeding in conditions when the blood does not have time to be absorbed into objects or soil. Their presence indicates damage to large blood vessels or the presence of multiple injuries;

2) streaks - take place when the blood gradually drains over the surface and then dries up. They look like traces of a linear shape, the lower end of which is colored more intensely. The streaks are differentiated into vertical, deviated and intersecting;

3) drops - occur when blood particles fall from a height under the influence of gravity. Their shape depends on the height and angle of incidence. There are freely falling (vertically) drops and those falling at an angle (less than 90°);

4) spray - occur when arterial vessels are damaged and the flight of blood under the influence of blood pressure, when shaking bloody objects or a damaged part of the body. The shape, size and saturation of traces of blood make it possible to determine where the wounded man was, in what position, what was the nature of the bleeding, and on which parts of the body the wounds were.

semen traces are important in the investigation of sexual crimes, allowing you to find out the following circumstances:

1) committing a crime on sexual grounds;

2) the motive for the crime;

3) the person who committed the crime.

Sperm, like blood, has group specificity, which allows it to be used to identify a person.

When examining traces of sperm can not be found. It is advisable to search for them using an ultraviolet illuminator, since even washed-out and old traces of sperm luminesce in the rays of the ultraviolet zone.

Objects - carriers of saliva can be: gags, envelopes, cigarette butts, handkerchiefs, etc.

The establishment of saliva in spots is based on the detection of the digestive enzyme amylase in them, which is contained not only in human saliva, but also in its other secretions and blood. But compared to them, saliva has exceptionally high enzyme activity.

Urine stains, in ultraviolet rays they give a weak whitish-blue glow. Examination of traces of urine is impossible after exposure to detergents and even ordinary water. Exposing urine stains to a highly heated iron, even for a long time, does not prevent their detection.

traces of smoking found in the form of tobacco, tobacco ash, cigarette butts, whole cigarettes, burnt matches, matchboxes, packages of tobacco products and their parts. Cigarette butts carry a lot of information, they display traces of teeth, lips, saliva, fingers used to identify the smoker. It is also possible to determine the brand of products of a certain factory by the cigarette butt, etc.

By the color and morphological features of the ashes, it is possible to determine which tobacco product was used. From the cigarette butt and from the pack after cigarettes, you can determine the habits of a person who smoked.

Dust - these are solid particles of small sizes of various origins: industrial, space, etc.

Examination of dust when examining, for example, an unidentified corpse, helps to determine the place of work of the deceased.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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