Forensics. Handwriting examination (most important)

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Forensics. Handwriting examination (most important)

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33. HANDWRITING EXPERTISE

Handwriting is a skill acquired by a person in the course of his training. It is understood as a system of conditioned reflex communication, which ensures movement and its compliance with the task set during repeated movement in similar conditions.

In the process of investigating a crime, one often has to deal with the fact that the accused or suspect denies the execution of the handwritten text of a document - material evidence. In such cases, a handwriting examination is appointed to establish the fact.

Preliminary research, like expert research, is carried out by comparing this text with handwriting samples of the person who allegedly performed this text. During the comparative study, it is recommended to compile tables of general characteristics of handwriting. A sheet of paper is divided in half, the features of handwriting that appear in the text of the document are copied on the left, and the features that appear in the handwriting samples are copied on the right. The comparison is made taking into account general and specific features of handwriting.

Very often, with the help of handwriting examination, it is necessary to solve the problem of identifying the person who executed the handwritten text of a document. Comparative samples must be sent for examination together with the disputed document.

In the practice of handwriting expertise, comparative samples of three types are used:

1) free - samples of the letter that were made before the initiation of criminal proceedings. They can be found at the place of work, study, at home, with relatives, etc. Documents of personal and official correspondence, autobiographies, statements, abstracts, etc. can serve as free samples;

2) shareware - samples made in connection with this criminal case, but not for examination (application);

3) experimental - samples made specifically for the examination, either under the dictation of the investigator, or by rewriting any text proposed by the investigator.

During the examination, preference is given to free samples.

Free samples are checked before being sent for examination. The suspect finds out whether he has complied with this document. Experimental samples should use the same materials as used in the document. When the text is written from dictation, then it should include the same sentences and words that are in the document under study.

To examine the signature, the texts and signatures of the suspected person are sent for examination. If the text under study is written in block letters, samples should be submitted along with the usual samples, which will be written in block letters. Each free sample is supplied with an explanatory note, which indicates the surname, name, patronymic of the person and his signature.

Tasks of handwriting expertise:

1) establishing an identity;

2) the establishment of objects at which handwritten texts were performed.

The objects of handwriting expertise include:

1) handwritten texts;

2) documents;

3) text fragments, brief notes;

4) digital records;

5) signatures.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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