Криминалистика. Понятие и классификация судебных экспертиз (самое важное)

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Криминалистика. Понятие и классификация судебных экспертиз (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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59. CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF JUDICIAL EXAMINATIONS

Forensic examination - an independent investigative action, consisting in the production of a form of special research established by law by experts and their giving opinions on issues that have been put before them by authorized bodies and officials.

Subject of expertise - special knowledge in various areas of professional activity of a person.

Object of expertise - certain persons, physical evidence.

Expertise task - obtaining new evidence.

Forensic examinations are divided into classes, genera and types.

Types of forensic examinations:

1) by the nature of the instructions in the law:

a) mandatory;

b) optional;

2) by the nature of the tasks to be solved:

a) identification;

b) diagnostic;

3) by the nature of special knowledge:

a) forensic;

b) forensic;

c) forensic psychiatric;

d) forensic biological;

e) judicial and economic;

f) forensic psychological;

g) sanitary and epidemiological;

h) forensic pharmacological;

i) forensic veterinary;

j) forensic;

k) forensic environmental;

l) forensic accounting;

m) forensic merchandising;

n) forensic-odorological;

o) literary and art criticism;

p) forensic materials science;

4) according to the sequence of carrying out:

a) primary;

b) repeated;

5) according to the scope of the study:

a) basic;

b) additional;

6) at the venue:

a) in an expert institution;

b) outside the expert institution;

7) by number and composition of performers:

a) sole persons;

b) commissions;

c) complex.

Types of forensics:

1) forensic-trasological;

2 forensic ballistic;

3) forensic examination of bladed weapons;

4) forensic handwriting;

5) forensic technical examination of documents;

6) forensic-portrait;

7) forensic phototechnical.

Forensic institutions:

1) Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation:

a) Russian Federal Center for Forensic Science (RFCSE);

b) central interregional and regional research laboratories of forensic examinations (TsNILSE and NILSE);

c) departments (branches) or expert groups of TsNILSE and NILSE in other cities of the subject of the Russian Federation;

2) Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation:

a) forensic center (ECC) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation; research laboratory (RRL) EKC;

b) forensic departments (EKU) of autonomous republics, some territories, regions and large cities;

c) forensic departments (ECO) of regions and districts;

3) Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation:

a) Research Institute of Forensic Science;

b) bureau of forensic medical examination.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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