84. CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMES

There are quite a number of different investigative situations, but there are a few of the most common:

1) primary information about the fact of pollution, deterioration, damage to the land, water and air environment and other objects of environmental protection comes from the bodies exercising state environmental control. The main control bodies are the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Organization of Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Partial control functions are carried out by the bodies of Gosgortekhnadzor and Gosatomnadzor. The received inspection materials usually contain information about the circumstances of the incident; its sources; the most likely reasons; the fact of violation of standards for maximum permissible harmful effects resulting in pollution of the environment. This situation most often occurs when rivers, lakes, seas, land, and less often air basins are polluted. A short period of time usually passes from the moment of contamination;

2) the primary information is the same as in the first situation, but a lot of time has passed from the moment of contamination to the initiation of a criminal case. Traces of pollution have been partially preserved or almost disappeared. The sources of pollution have not been preserved in their former form. There are documents and witnesses;

3) primary materials are reports of individual citizens, public environmental organizations about the fact of pollution. The case is initiated based on the materials of the inspection of the scene. Traces of pollution are almost completely preserved.

Inspection of the scene of the incident and other objects in a situation where traces of the deed remain, it is advisable to carry out as soon as possible. Inspection is preferably carried out with the participation of appropriate specialists.

The following are being questioned as witnesses:

1) eyewitnesses of pollution;

2) persons who were the first to discover this fact;

3) employees of control bodies;

4) officials, ordinary employees of the enterprise and other persons.

The main task of the interrogation of witnesses is to collect information:

1) about the circumstances and signs of pollution of water, air, soil, etc.;

2) on the deterioration of the state of natural objects (on the decrease in the quality of air, water, unsuitability for use);

3) on the mechanism and causes of pollution;

4) about the persons responsible for the incident; about organizational, technical and other shortcomings of production activities that contributed to the deed.

During the investigation, environmental expertise may be appointed, during which issues related to veterinary medicine, ichthyology, biology, chemistry, technology, medicine, hydrometeorology and other sciences are resolved. As experts, it is desirable to invite specialists from relevant research and higher educational institutions, related industrial enterprises and bodies for monitoring compliance with laws on environmental protection of nature. For the purpose of the most thoughtful appointment of forensic examinations and the best preparation of materials for their production, it is advisable to consult with specialists who conducted departmental, interdepartmental and extradepartmental inspections before their appointment.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

<< Back: Forensic characteristics of arson

>> Forward: Forensic characteristics of computer crimes

We recommend interesting articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets:

▪ Audit. Crib

▪ Criminal process. Crib

▪ Faculty Therapy. Crib

See other articles Section Lecture notes, cheat sheets.

Read and write useful comments on this article.

<< Back

Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:

The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

Random news from the Archive Space flights cause eye problems 17.12.2019 Specialists at NASA's Johnson Space Flight Center have for many years encountered complaints of blurred vision and headaches from astronauts who have been on long expeditions to the ISS. It was not possible for doctors to understand the mechanism and cause of the problems until 2019. In another scientific work, the doctors decided to gather a group of volunteers and simulate for them the conditions in which astronauts are in orbit. Primarily, this meant spending several weeks lying on an angled bed, but without simulating elevated carbon dioxide levels that are characteristic of the international space station, as well as a ban on changing the position of the head and relaxing the body for a while, the results could not be obtained. When the conditions of the experiment were adjusted, the doctors were able to compare the condition of 11 volunteers who were observed for a month with the condition of 20 astronauts who visited the ISS from 2012 to 2018 inclusive. It turned out that in all the people studied, the thickness of the retina increased, and in the astronauts, in addition, a change in the structure of the choroid of the eye was noted, which was not observed in the control group on Earth. The results of the work should help scientists understand the mechanism and causes of changes in the eyes during their stay in space. At the moment, experts intend to continue working and find out what can lead to such changes in the body. The search for an answer to this question should help protect astronauts in the future, and especially in long-term expeditions to the Moon and Mars.

Other interesting news:

▪ Washing wine corks

▪ 34" IPS monitor LG 34UM95 with a resolution of 3440 x 1440 pixels

▪ Mouse Virtual Reality Headset

▪ Launch of the first public 5G network in the US

▪ The influence of the heart on feelings

News feed of science and technology, new electronics

Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:

▪ site section Field strength detectors. Article selection

▪ article Alexander the Macedonian hero, but why break the chairs? Popular expression

▪ article Which country passed the first animal rights law in the world? Detailed answer

▪ article Fundamentals of the adoption and application of state regulatory requirements for labor protection

▪ article Discoloration of varnishes and varnishes. Simple recipes and tips

▪ article Digital output voltage control for L200. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Leave your comment on this article:

All languages ​​of this page

Arabic	Hebrew	Polish
Bengali	Hindi	Portuguese
Chinese	Italian	Spanish
English	Japanese	Turkish
French	Korean	Ukrainian
German	Malay	Vietnamese

Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews

www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024