Forensics. Vehicle tracks, their types and meaning (the most important)

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Forensics. Vehicle tracks, their types and meaning (the most important)

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18. TRACKS OF VEHICLES, THEIR TYPES AND SIGNIFICANCE

Traces of vehicles are found as material evidence in many categories of criminal cases (theft, accidents, etc.).

Under vehicle tracks refers to traces of the contact impact of both running parts and non-running parts of vehicles, traces on objects that have separated from the vehicle, as well as materially fixed changes on the road associated with traffic.

The classification of vehicles is carried out on the following grounds:

1) depending on the means of transportation: self-propelled and non-self-propelled;

2) according to the design of their chassis, self-propelled vehicles can be wheeled, tracked, or on skids; non-self-propelled - wheeled and on skids.

Vehicle tracks are divided into:

1) according to the mechanism of education:

a) traces-displays (traces of tires, skids, tracks) - reflect the external structure of the chassis of the vehicle on other objects (soil, snow);

b) traces-objects - detached parts of the vehicle (brackets, body parts, fragments of headlight lenses and sidelights);

c) traces-substances - particles of the paint and varnish coating of the vehicle, residues of oil products and fuels and lubricants;

2) according to the trace-forming object: traces of cars, motorcycles, bicycles, tractors, sledges, skis, horse-drawn vehicles;

3) according to the properties of the perceiving object:

a) superficial (traces of layering, traces of delamination);

b) volumetric - arise as a result of deformation of the trace-perceiving object.

According to the traces of vehicles, the group affiliation of the vehicle (type, model, brand) is established; identify a specific vehicle, animal or vehicle element (wheel, headlight lens, etc.); find out the circumstances of the event (direction of movement, stops, etc.).

Tires vary in size, as well as the structure of the tread pattern, which can be used to determine that the track was left by a car, bus, minibus, truck or off-road truck. In practice, sometimes there are tires equipped with a removable tread.

They are characterized additional signs:

1) individual relative position of the tread rings;

2) a special shape and size of the protrusions that form the tread pattern;

3) the distance between the individual protrusions - the length of the revolution of the wheel (tire circumference). It can only be determined if any feature of the tread (patch, crack, manufacturing defect) is clearly repeated in the print over several wheel revolutions;

4) the track width, which characterizes one of the main dimensions of the car, is defined as the distance between the center lines in the display of tire tracks;

5) vehicle base - the distance between the front and rear axles.

The base of the vehicle in the footprints is determined in the following cases: parking on soft ground, shedding mud or melting snow; slip; turn using a move.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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