Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
6. FORMS OF USE OF SPECIAL KNOWLEDGE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
Special knowledge means knowledge possessed by a subject who has undergone special professional training and carries out practical activities in his specialty in a particular field of knowledge.
Forms of using special knowledge:
1) non-procedural, carried out in the form:
a) advice, which can be obtained both orally and in writing;
b) preliminary research as part of the verification of initial materials to resolve issues of initiating a criminal case;
c) involvement of specialists in the implementation of operational-search activities;
d) conducting audits, audits before initiating a criminal case. It is issued in the form of a specialist opinion.
These forms can be used by decision of the investigator, interrogating officer, prosecutor;
2) procedural:
a) the main one is the participation of a specialist in investigative actions;
b) appointment of an expert examination.
The most common forms of application of special knowledge in criminal proceedings are attracting a specialist and assigning an examination. A specialist and an expert, as participants in criminal proceedings, have a number of similar features, but they should not be identified, since there are significant differences between them.
Specialist is a figure procedurally dependent on the investigator, since by virtue of the direct indication of Art. 58 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, he is involved in conducting investigative actions in order to assist in the discovery, fixation and seizure of evidence.
Expert is an independent person, draws up a conclusion on his own behalf and bears personal responsibility for it. The expert bears criminal responsibility for knowingly false conclusion.
The main difference between a specialist and an expert is that an expert issues a conclusion that is recognized by law as evidence, and a specialist helps to detect, secure and seize objects and documents, assists in the use of technical means, assists the investigator, the interrogating officer and the court in formulating questions to the expert in the resolution and appointment of the expert examination, explains to the party and the court the issues within the scope of its competence.
A specialist can participate both in investigative actions (examination of the scene of the incident, interrogation), and in some procedural actions (inventory of property, seizure of property, etc.).
The involvement of a specialist is documented in the protocol, the rights and obligations are explained to the specialist, a subscription is taken not to disclose the data of the preliminary investigation. For the disclosure of such data, the specialist bears criminal liability in accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation (Article 58).
It is necessary to involve a specialist taking into account the established practice.
The specialist does not have the right to indicate, he has the right to assist in finding any object or may recommend this or that technique.
The specialist participates in the investigative action; can formulate conclusions (these conclusions are not recorded in the minutes).
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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