Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
80. CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF BRIBERY. RELATIONSHIP OF BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION
Corrupt practices is the receipt by an official personally or through an intermediary of a bribe in the form of money, securities, other property or property benefits for actions (inaction) in favor of the briber or persons represented by him, if such actions (inaction) are within the official powers of the official or he by virtue of his official position, he can contribute to such actions (inaction), as well as for general patronage or connivance in the service, as well as giving a bribe to an official personally or through an intermediary.
Corruption - a social phenomenon consisting in the selfish use by an official of his official position for personal enrichment.
Bribery and corruption - closely interrelated phenomena characterized by one-time or systematic facts of transferring money, gifts or various services to a civil servant, official for actions (inaction) that this person has committed, is doing, should or can do in the interests of the bribe giver. The concept of "corruption" is broader than the concept of "bribe", since it also includes extortion, the use of official position for personal purposes, and it assumes a permanent nature. Bribery can be one-time, episodic or systematic.
Bribery has the following features:
1) the bribe is transferred in the absence of eyewitnesses;
2) both participants in the crime are interested in committing it, are afraid of responsibility, take measures to conceal the traces of the crime;
3) since both participants are criminally liable, they do not extradite each other;
4) sometimes a bribe is given for a legal action and there is no documentary evidence of the official's illegal actions.
Possible material traces of giving and receiving a bribe:
1) information of accounting documentation reflecting a decrease in funds in the account of the bribe giver and an increase in them from the bribe taker;
2) postal orders;
3) managerial decisions of various officials; 4 documents confirming the stay of a person in a certain place.
In case of bribery, the following circumstances must be proven:
1) whether there was a fact of giving or receiving a bribe;
2) what is the subject of the bribe; if valuable things were transferred as a bribe or it took the form of a service, then what is the value of things or services in monetary terms;
3) who is the bribe giver, bribe taker;
4) what are the circumstances of the crime (time, place, method of transferring the bribe);
5) for what purpose (for what actions) the bribe was given;
6) whether the relevant actions were performed in the interests of the briber, whether they were legal;
7) are there any signs of other crimes in the actions of bribe takers, if so, which ones;
8) whether there are any qualifying signs in the actions of criminals;
9) whether there are any circumstances in the actions of the bribe-giver that exempt him from criminal liability (extortion of a bribe or a voluntary declaration of giving a bribe);
10) what circumstances contributed to bribery.
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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