Криминалистика. Судебно-оперативная фотография. Ее понятие, значение и виды (самое важное)

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Криминалистика. Судебно-оперативная фотография. Ее понятие, значение и виды (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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9. FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY. ITS CONCEPT, SIGNIFICANCE AND TYPES

Forensic photography - this is a system of scientific provisions, means and methods of photographing used in the conduct of investigative and operational-search actions.

Photography is used in criminal proceedings for fixing and examining evidence.

Photographs are attached to the protocols of investigative actions. Photographs visually reflect the captured objects, allow you to visually perceive: traces, various environments in which the investigative action was carried out. Pictures not only complement the descriptive part of the protocol, but also make it possible to perceive signs or situations, the presentation of which is difficult due to their significant number or complexity of perception.

Pictures advantage:

1) accessibility of use and visibility;

2) preservation of the photograph;

3) high accuracy and objectivity in the transfer of information;

4) capturing smaller details;

5) fixing the process in stages.

Forensic photography is used for:

1) inspection of the scene of the incident, the corpse, physical evidence, documents;

2) examination of living persons;

3) conducting a search;

4) investigative experiment;

5) presentation for identification;

6) registration of living persons and corpses.

Shootings are classified:

1) for taking photographs:

а) orienting;

at) overview;

d) nodal;

d) detailed;

2) according to the method of photographing:

a) impressing - is carried out during investigative actions by the investigator himself, a forensic specialist (specialist photographer) or another participant at the suggestion of the investigator in order to fix the situation, course, individual elements of the process of conducting an investigative action and its results. This method serves the purpose of fixing various traces and objects visible to the naked eye:

▪ panoramic - successive photographing in parts of the terrain or premises horizontally or vertically, as well as individual large objects that do not fit in one close-up frame;

▪ measuring - to determine the spatial characteristics of objects;

▪ identification - to capture living persons and corpses;

▪ reproductive - система приемов запечатления плоскостных объектов (чертежей, текста, таблиц);

▪ stereoscopic - allows you to get a three-dimensional perception of objects;

b) researching - produced by a specialist in laboratory conditions using special equipment and appropriate techniques. The choice of specific photographic means depends on the objects under study and the tasks assigned to the study. The use of this method mainly serves to identify, and then visually fix in the photographed traces and objects, details, color and brightness differences that are not visible in a normal environment:

▪ microphotography;

▪ shooting in the invisible rays of the spectrum;

▪ contrast photography;

▪ color discrimination.

Carrying out this or that type of photography, they choose such methods and techniques of photography that would ensure the best capture of objects or facts of evidentiary value.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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