Labor protection instruction for a truck crane driver

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Instructions on labor protection for a truck crane operator. Full document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise,

1.2. According to this instruction, the truck crane driver (hereinafter referred to as the crane operator) is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 3 months (re-instruction).

The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues". In the journal, after passing the briefing, there must be the signatures of the instructing and crane operator.

1.3. The owner must insure the crane operator against accidents and occupational disease.

In case of damage to the health of the crane operator due to the fault of the owner, he (the crane operator) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him.

1.4. For non-compliance with this instruction, the crane operator bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability.

1.5. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a medical examination, special training, have a certificate for the right to operate the corresponding truck crane, have passed an introductory briefing on labor protection and briefing at the workplace are allowed to operate a truck crane.

A truck crane can be controlled by a car driver with a certificate for the right to operate a truck crane.

1.6. Admission to independent work of the crane operator is issued by order of the enterprise.

1.7. Before admission to independent work, the crane operator is issued, against receipt, instructions for the safe operation of the crane installation.

1.8. The crane operator must:

1.8.1. Comply with internal labor regulations.

1.8.2. Supervise the work of slingers.

1.8.3. Use overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment.

1.8.4. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues.

1.8.5. Keep unauthorized persons out of the work area.

1.8.6. Perform only the work for which he has been instructed and entrusted by the work manager.

1.8.7. Do not follow instructions that are contrary to the rules of labor protection.

1.8.8. Know how to provide first aid to victims of accidents.

1.8.9. Be familiar with the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment.

1.8.10. Know the production instructions, as well as the instructions of the manufacturer for the operation of the crane, the Rules of the road.

1.8.11. Know the device of the crane, the device and purpose of its mechanisms and safety devices.

1.8, 12. Have the skills necessary to operate and maintain the crane mechanisms.

1.8.13. Know the factors that affect the stability of the crane and the causes of buckling.

1.8.14. Know the range and purpose of lubricants used to lubricate rubbing parts.

1.8.15. Know the procedure for exchanging signals with slingers established by the Rules.

1.8.16. Know safe methods of slinging and hooking loads.

1.8.17. Be able to determine the suitability for work of ropes, removable load-handling devices and containers (slings, traverses, grips, etc.).

1.8.18. Know the procedure established by the Rules for carrying out work by a crane near power lines (hereinafter referred to as power lines).

1.8.19. Know the methods of relieving energized persons from the action of electric current and how to provide them with first aid.

1.9. The main dangerous and harmful production factors that affect the crane operator:

1.9.1. Crane overturning.

1.9.2. Electric shock.

1.9.3. Insufficient illumination of the working area.

1.9.4. High or low temperature, air humidity of the working area.

1.10. The crane operator is provided with overalls, special footwear: cotton semi-overalls, combined mittens; on outdoor robots in winter additionally: jacket, cotton trousers with insulated lining, felt boots.

1.11. To hang the load on the crane hook, certified slingers are appointed by order of the enterprise.

1.12. When two or more slingers work, one of them is appointed senior.

1.13. When working, the crane operator and slinger must carry certificates for the right to perform work.

1.14. Testing knowledge of labor protection rules for crane operators is carried out:

1.14.1. Periodically at least once every 12 months.

1.14.2. In case of transfer from one enterprise to another.

1.14.3. At the request of the inspector of the Gosnadzorohrantrud bodies or an engineering and technical worker for the supervision of cranes.

1.15. After a break in work in the specialty for more than one year, the crane operator undergoes a knowledge test in the commission of the enterprise and, if positive results are obtained, is allowed for an internship to restore the necessary skills.

1.16. The crane operator is prohibited from disabling safety devices (jamming contactors, turning off limiters, for example, such as: lifting capacity or load moment, lifting hook height, raising and lowering the boom), and also perform work with a crane in case of their malfunction.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, the crane operator must make sure that all mechanisms, metal structures and other parts of the crane are in good condition, as well as the state of the soil at the place where the crane works. To do this, the crane operator must:

2.1.1. Inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear.

2.1.2. Check the presence and serviceability of the guards of the mechanisms.

2.1.3. Check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricators and glands.

2.1.4. Inspect in accessible places the metal structure and the connection of boom sections and its suspension elements (ropes, braces, blocks, shackles, etc.), as well as the metal structure and welded seams of the running frame (chassis) and the turning part.

2.1.5. Inspect in accessible places the condition of the ropes and their fastening, booms, as well as the laying of ropes in the grooves of blocks and drums.

2.1.6. Inspect the hook and its fastening in the clip.

2.1.7. Check the serviceability of additional supports (retractable beams, jacks), stabilizers.

2.1.8. Check the completeness of the counterweight and the reliability of its fastening.

2.1.9. Check the availability and serviceability of the equipment and safety devices on the crane (load limiter or load moment, all limit switches, load indicator depending on the reach of the boom, crane tilt indicator, etc.).

2.1.10. Check the operation of the crane lighting, buffer lights and headlights.

2.1.11. When receiving an electric crane, conduct an external inspection (without removing covers and disassembly) of electrical devices (knife switches, contactors, controllers, starting resistances, brake electromagnets, limit switches), as well as inspect rings or collectors of electrical machines and their brushes. If the crane is powered by an external network, then the crane operator must check the serviceability of the flexible cable.

2.1.12. When accepting a hydraulically actuated valve, inspect the drive system, flexible hoses, if used, pumps and safety valves on pressure lines.

2.2. Check with the slinger for a certificate for the right to perform slinging work.

2.3. The crane operator, together with the slinger, must check the serviceability of the removable load handling devices and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the load capacity, test date and number.

2.4. When accepting a working crane, its inspection must be carried out together with the crane operator handing over the shift.

2.5. Inspection of the crane should be carried out only when the mechanisms are not working, and the inspection of the electric crane should be carried out with the switch turned off in the crane operator's cab. Inspection of a flexible cable should be carried out with the switch disconnected, which supplies voltage to the cable.

2.6. When inspecting a crane, the crane operator must use a portable lamp with a voltage of not more than 42 V.

2.7. After inspection before putting the crane into operation, the crane operator, making sure that the necessary approach dimensions are observed, is obliged to test the mechanisms at idle and check the correct operation:

2.7.1. Crane mechanisms and electrical equipment, if any.

2.7.2. Instruments and security devices.

2.7.3. Brakes.

2.7.4. Hydraulic systems on cranes with a hydraulic system.

2.8. If, during inspection and testing of the crane, malfunctions that impede safe operation are detected and it is impossible to eliminate them on their own, the crane operator, without starting work, reports this to the person responsible for maintaining the cranes in good condition, and informs the person responsible for the safe performance of work on placement of goods by cranes.

2.9. The crane operator should not start working on the crane in case of detection of such malfunctions:

2.9.1. Cracks or deformations in the metal structures of the crane.

2.9.2. Cracks in the elements of the boom suspension (earrings, rods, etc.), as well as in the absence of cotter pins and clips in the places where the ropes are fastened or loosened.

2.9.3. The boom and cargo ropes have a number of wire breaks and surface wear that exceed the norms established by the Rules, a broken hoist or local damage.

2.9.4. The lifting mechanisms of the load or the boom have defects (malfunctions) that threaten the safe operation of the crane.

2.9.5. Parts of the brake of the mechanism for lifting the load or boom are damaged.

2.9.6. The hook has wear in the throat exceeding 10% of the original section height, faulty safety locks, and a violation of its fastening in the clip.

2.9.7. Faulty or missing safety devices and devices (load capacity or load moment limiters, signal devices, limit switches for mechanisms, interlocks, etc.).

2.9.8. Additional supports, stabilizers of automobile cranes are damaged or not completed.

2.9.9. There is no protection of mechanisms and exposed conductive parts of electrical equipment.

2.10. Before starting work, the crane operator is obliged to make sure that the working area is sufficiently illuminated, while the truck crane is operating, fix the device (stabilizer) to relieve the load from the springs.

2.11. Get a task, get acquainted with the PVR or technological map.

2.12. The person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes writes down his last name, the number of his certificate and the date of issue in the waybill of the crane operator; the name of the slinger, the number of his certificate and the date of issue.

2.13. Having installed the crane, the crane operator presents it to the person responsible for the safe movement of goods by cranes, who checks the correct installation of the crane in accordance with the PVR or technological map and gives permission to start work, about which he makes an entry in the waybill "I checked the installation of the crane, I authorize work."

Such a record is made after each permutation of the crane.

2.14. The connection of electric taps to the power source must be carried out by an electrician. The crane operator is not allowed to make this connection.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. During the operation of the mechanisms, the crane operator should not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.

3.2. Before making any movement with the crane, the crane operator must make sure that there are no unauthorized people in the crane operation area.

3.3. In the event of a sudden interruption in the power supply to an electric crane, the crane operator must set the handwheels or controller handles to the zero position and turn off the switch in the cab.

3.4. When turning on the mechanisms, the crane operator must give a warning signal. This requirement must also be met if there was a break in the operation of the crane mechanisms.

3.5. The movement of the crane under the power transmission line should be carried out with the boom lowered (in the transport position). The presence of the boom in any working position in this case is prohibited.

3.6. The crane operator is obliged to install the crane on additional (outrigger) supports, if required by the characteristics of the crane, while he must ensure that the supports are in good order and that strong and stable linings or paved cages from sleepers are placed under them.

The crane must be installed on all additional supports provided for this characteristic of the crane. It is not allowed to place unstable pads under additional supports, which may collapse or from which the support may slip when lifting a load or turning a crane.

3.7. Linings for additional supports of a truck crane must be an inventory accessory of the crane and be constantly on the crane. If the manufacturer provides for the storage of slings and linings for additional supports on the fixed part of the crane, then they must be removed before work and laid in place by the crane operator personally working on this crane.

3.8. The installation of cranes for construction and installation work must be carried out in accordance with the work execution project, the requirements of which must be familiarized with the requirements of the crane operator against receipt.

3.9. The crane operator must install a self-propelled jib crane on a planned and prepared site, taking into account the category and nature of the soil. It is not allowed to install cranes for work on freshly poured, not compacted soil, as well as on a site with a slope that exceeds that specified in the passport.

3.10. It is possible to install self-propelled jib cranes on the edge of slopes, pits or ditches, subject to the following distances:

If these distances cannot be observed, the slope must be strengthened in accordance with the project.

3.11. When lifting and moving cargo, the crane operator must adhere to the following requirements:

3.11.1. Perform work with a crane only at the signal of the slinger. If the slinger gives a signal, acting contrary to the instructions, then the crane operator must not maneuver the crane on such a signal. For damage caused by the operation of the crane due to the execution of an incorrectly given signal, both the crane operator and the slinger who gave the wrong signal are liable. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the enterprise.

Signal "Stop!" the crane operator is obliged to comply regardless of who submits it.

3.11.2. Use the load capacity indicator to determine the load capacity for each boom reach. When the crane is operating on a slope, if the reach indicator does not take into account the slope, the boom reach is determined by the actual measurement, while measuring the horizontal distance from the axis of rotation of the rotary part of the crane to the center of the freely hanging hook.

3.11.3. Before lifting the load, warn the slinger and everyone who is near the crane to leave the area of lifting the load, as well as about the possible lowering of the boom. The movement of the load can be carried out only in the absence of people in the area of the crane.

When the crane is in operation, people are not allowed to be near the platform. It is forbidden to go out onto the non-swivel part of the crane, so as not to be squeezed between the swivel and non-swivel parts of the crane.

3.11.4. When loading and unloading trolleys, motor vehicles and trailers for them, railway gondola cars and platforms, crane operation is allowed only if there are no people on the vehicles, which the crane operator must first verify.

An exception is allowed when loading and unloading gondola cars, if the floor area of the gondola car is clearly visible from the crane cabin and the worker can move away from the hanging (raised, lowered, moved) load to a safe distance. Such work must be carried out according to the technology developed by the enterprise (organization) that loads and unloads gondola cars, and approved by its management. At the same time, the technology should indicate the location of the slingers when moving goods and provide for the possibility of their access to overpasses or hinged platforms.

The crane operator must be familiarized with the requirements of the technology before the start of the specified work against receipt.

3.11.5. Install the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load so that when lifting, oblique tension of the load rope is excluded.

3.11.6. When lifting a load, it is necessary to first lift it to a height of no more than 200-300 mm to check the correct slinging of the goods and the reliability of the brake.

3.11.7. When lifting a load, the distance between the hook cage and the blocks on the boom must be at least 500 mm.

3.11.8. Loads moving in a horizontal direction must first be raised 500 mm above the objects encountered on the way.

3.11.9. When raising the boom, make sure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach.

3.11.10. When lifting, lowering and moving cargo located near walls, columns, stacks, a railway car, a car, a machine tool or other equipment, first make sure that there is no slinger (coupler) and other people between the lifted, lowered or moved cargo and the specified parts of the building, equipment , vehicles, as well as the impossibility of touching walls, columns, wagons, etc. with an arrow or a lifted load.

3.11.11. Lifting and moving of small-piece cargo should be carried out in containers specially designed for this purpose. Lifting bricks in pallets without fencing is allowed during loading and unloading (on the ground) of vehicles, their trailers, and also on condition that people are removed from the cargo movement zone.

3.11.12. Before lifting a load from a well, ditch, trench, pit, and also before lowering the load into them, first make sure by lowering the empty (unloaded) hook that at its lowest position, at least 1 turns of the rope remain on the winch drum, not counting the turns located under the clamping device.

3.11.13. Stowage and disassembly of cargo should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for warehousing cargo and without blocking the aisles.

3.11.14. Keep a close eye on the ropes. In the event of their fall from the drums or blocks, the formation of loops, the detection of damage to the ropes, it is necessary to stop the operation of the crane.

3.11.15. A crane operator can install a crane or move goods at a distance of less than 30 m from the extreme wire of a power line with a voltage above 42 V only if there is a work permit that determines the safe conditions for such work. The work permit must be signed by the head (chief, chief engineer) of the enterprise or organization performing the work, or by another manager at his direction and given to the crane operator before starting work. The crane operator is prohibited from arbitrarily installing a crane to work near power lines, which is recorded in the waybill. The work of the crane near power lines should be carried out under the direct supervision of the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes. This person must indicate to the crane operator the location of the crane installation, ensure the fulfillment of the work conditions provided for in the work permit and make an entry in the crane operator's watch log about permission to perform work. When carrying out work in the security zone of a power transmission line or within the boundaries of the breaks established by the Rules for the Protection of High-Voltage Electric Networks, a work permit can be issued only with the permission of the organization that operates the power transmission line.

3.11.16. Cargoes that are moved by a crane and do not have special devices (loops, eyelets, pins, etc.) must be slinged (tied) in accordance with the methods of safe slinging (tying) of goods developed by the enterprise. Graphic images of these methods (slinging schemes) must be handed out to the crane operator or posted at the work sites. For loads on which there are loops, trunnions, eyelets designed to lift the load in different positions, slinging schemes should also be developed. Lifting of cargo for which slinging schemes have not been developed must be carried out in the presence and under the guidance of a person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on moving cargo by cranes.

3.11.17. Performing work in a territory hazardous in terms of explosion and fire, or with poisonous, caustic cargoes, the manager should carry out only after receiving a special instruction from the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on moving cargo with cranes.

3.11.18. When a self-propelled jib crane is operating, the distance between the slewing part of the crane in any position and the dimensions of buildings, stacks of goods or other objects must be at least 1 meter.

3.12. When lifting and moving loads, the crane operator is prohibited from:

3.12.1. Allow persons who do not have a certificate of slingers (couplers) to slinging, hooking and tying cargo, as well as use removable load gripping devices that do not have stamps or tags indicating their number, load capacity and test date. In these cases, the crane operator must stop working with the crane and notify the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods with cranes.

3.12.2. Lift or turn over a load whose mass exceeds the capacity of the crane for a given reach of the boom. If the crane operator does not know the mass of the load, then he must obtain such information from the person responsible for the safe conduct of work on the movement of goods by cranes.

3.12.3. Lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the crane's lifting capacity will be less than the mass of the load being lifted.

3.12.4. Perform sharp braking when turning the boom with a load.

3.12.5. To drag cargo along the ground, rails or logs with a crane hook with an oblique tension of the ropes, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook.

3.12.6. To tear off with a hook a load covered with earth or frozen to the ground, embedded with other loads, reinforced with bolts or poured with concrete.

3.12.7. Release the removable load-handling devices (slings, chains, traverses, grips, etc.) pinched by the load with a crane.

3.12.8. Lift reinforced concrete and concrete products weighing more than 500 kilograms, which are not marked and marked with actual weight.

3.12.9. Lift up:

reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges;
loads, slinging (tying, gearing) of which does not correspond to the schemes of safe slinging methods;
goods in an unstable position;
loads suspended by one horn of a two-horned hook;
cargoes in containers overfilled above the sides.

3.12.10. Lay the load on electrical cables and pipelines, as well as on the edge of a slope or trench.

3.12.11. Lift a load with people on it, as well as a load that is leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands.

3.12.12. Transfer control of the crane to persons who do not have the right to operate the crane.

3.12.13. Carry out loading and unloading of vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab.

3.12.14. Lift compressed or liquefied gas cylinders that are not enclosed in special containers.

3.13. The crane operator is obliged to lower the load, stop the operation of the crane and inform the person responsible for the safe carrying out of work on the movement of goods by cranes in case of malfunctions specified in paragraphs 2.9.1.-2.9.9. this manual, as well as:

3.13.1. When approaching a thunderstorm, strong wind, the speed of which exceeds the permissible for the operation of this crane and indicated in its passport. In this case, the crane operator must follow the instructions of the manufacturer's instructions to prevent the crane from being stolen by the wind.

3.13.2. In case of insufficient illumination of the place of work of the crane, heavy snowfall or fog, and also in other cases when the crane operator does not clearly distinguish between the signals of the slinger or the load being moved.

3.13.3. When the air temperature is below the permissible minus, specified in the passport of the crane.

3.13.4. When twisting the ropes of the cargo chain hoist.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Do not leave the load suspended, but lower it to the ground.

4.2. Install the boom and hook in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

4.3. Removable load-handling devices, linings for supports should be folded into the place provided for them.

4.4. Put the crane in the place intended for parking, slow it down.

4.5. Stop the engine, turn off the switch of the electric crane in the cab. The switch in front of the flexible cable must be switched off and locked.

4.6. Remove overalls, face, wash hands with soap; shower if possible. Do not wash your hands with gasoline, lubricating oil, etc.

4.7. Report to the head of work on all the shortcomings that occurred during work.

5. Safety requirements in an emergency

5.1. In case of an accident or a situation that can lead to an accident (approaching a thunderstorm, strong wind, snowfall and fog, ice; at temperatures below the permissible minus temperature indicated in the passport; when twisting ropes, cracks in the metal structures of a crane, boom, etc.), you must immediately stop work, to protect the danger zone, to prevent unauthorized persons from entering it.

5.2. Report what happened to the supervisor.

5.3. If there are casualties, provide them with first aid. If necessary, call an ambulance.

5.3.1. First aid for electric shock.

In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand.

If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (external) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance.

5.3.2. First aid for injury.

To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material, which is placed in it, to the wound and tie it with a bandage.

If somehow the individual package was not found, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On a rag that is applied directly to the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine to get a stain larger than the wound, and then apply the rag to the wound. It is especially important to apply the tincture of iodine in this way to contaminated wounds.

5.3.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks.

In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso.

In case of a skull fracture (unconscious state after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or from the mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion.

If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord.

In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation.

5.3.4. First aid for thermal burns.

In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage.

For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol.

For second-degree burns (blister), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution or a 5% tannin solution.

For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile bandage, call a doctor.

5.3.5. First aid for bleeding.

In order to stop bleeding, you must:

raise the injured limb up;
close the bleeding wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it, and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure);
in case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor.

5.4. If a fire occurs on the crane, the driver is obliged to immediately start extinguishing it, simultaneously calling the fire department with the help of the crew members serving the crane, in case of a fire on an electric crane, first of all, turn off the switch that supplies voltage to the crane.

5.5. Follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the emergency.

We recommend interesting articles Section Standard instructions for labor protection:

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In addition, scientists found that 48% of females made various sound signals, reminiscent of grunting and squeaking. According to the researchers, these sounds imitate the sound made by male frogs to scare away competitors.

A third of the females assumed a motionless posture with their limbs outstretched for about two minutes after the male attacked.

Experts believe that faking death may be a strategic behavior, although they cannot say that it is a conscious act. This is likely an automatic response to stress that effectively serves as self-protection.

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