Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
37. CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF MICRO-OBJECTS. RULES FOR DETECTION, REMOVAL AND FIXING OF MICRO-OBJECTS
The concept of "microobject" includes the following concepts:
1) "microparticle" - this is a micro-whole or a micro-part of the whole, separated from it under the influence of certain factors, and is a micro-amount of a substance or material in the solid phase;
2) "microtrace" - this is a display of a micro-object;
3) "smell marks" - microquantities of volatile compounds left on material objects. They are a gaseous cloud, a mixture of air with odorous substances in the absence of a source of odor at the location where the odor trace is detected.
There are the following types of micro-objects:
1) by structure:
a) hard;
b) liquid;
c) gas phases;
2) according to the mechanism of formation. Microobjects arise during the contact interaction of material bodies and are traces of layering. Very often, microparticles can be found on hands, shoes, clothes, burglary tools, etc. Non-contact appearance of microparticles is also common;
3) by nature of origin:
a) organic: natural (traces of blood, semen, saliva, urine, etc.) and artificial (microquantities of synthetic compounds and processed natural substances (for example, narcotic substances);
b) inorganic (particles of metal, gypsum, etc.);
c) mixed (dust, soil, paintwork).
Objects - carriers of microparticles during inspection should be properly preserved unchanged and protected from contamination.
Inspection of objects - carriers of microparticles should be carried out over a large clean sheet of paper. Rubber gloves must be worn on the hands, and tweezers should be used when examining small objects. You need to look for microtraces and microparticles in good, bright light using magnifying devices or special tools. When inspecting such objects, lighting should be changed.
All actions for the detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects should be reflected in the protocol of the corresponding investigative action. The inspection protocol must necessarily include the dimensions, color, relative position of micro-objects. Carrier objects, traces are photographed by detailed shooting. The carrier object is removed and placed in special conditions. Micro-objects are seized only if the carrier object itself cannot be seized.
Sheets of paper on which the inspection was carried out are seized, separately packaged and procedurally drawn up. Measures for the selection, packaging and conservation of traces should be carried out in the presence of attesting witnesses. From large areas, it is possible to collect microparticles with special devices (dust collecting device, mini-vacuum cleaner). From hard-to-reach places, micro-objects are removed with a needle, tweezers. Magnets or a magnetic brush can also be used. Micro-objects from smooth surfaces can be removed with adhesive tape.
Each carrier object is packaged separately. The best packaging is paper envelopes, glassware. When studying micro-objects, it is best to invite specialists. Panels of experts are often invited.
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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