Криминалистика. Криминалистическая фоноскопия (самое важное)

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Криминалистика. Криминалистическая фоноскопия (самое важное)

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24. FORENSIC PHONOSCOPY

Forensic phonoscopy - this is the identification of a person by voice, it studies sound information on sound, magnetic and other media, as well as equipment (tape recorders, voice recorders, etc.).

People communicate with each other through spoken language. Oral speech entails changes in the material environment, which are called sound traces. Using sound tracks, you can establish the identity of the criminal and other circumstances that need to be proven. Recently, the role of sound traces has increased significantly. This is manifested in the fact that traditional means of recording - written documents - are increasingly being replaced by video filming and sound recording.

Currently, the materials of criminal cases often contain phonograms:

1) on which information about the preparation, concealment, and commission of a crime is recorded;

2) investigative actions, which are appendices to the relevant protocols, etc. All specified audio and video media are drawn up in accordance with the law and attached to the materials of the criminal case. The phonograms record not only the person’s voice, but also other sound traces. When studying phonograms, the main task is to identify a person by voice.

Personal identification by oral speech due to the fact that:

1) a person's voice has individual characteristics;

2) the acoustics of the voice is also individual and cannot be changed;

3) human speech is formed from early childhood (intonation, manner of speaking, speed of speech, etc.), it is also individual and unique.

Phonoscopic examination is used in the investigation of criminal cases on bribes, commercial bribery, extortion, various frauds and telephone terrorism.

The following types of analysis of human oral speech are put into the methodology of phonoscopic examination:

1) linguistic - explores the oral speech of a person, his intellectual and psychophysiological characteristics;

2) acoustic - aimed at studying the anatomical and other features of a particular subject. Phonoscopic examination allows you to judge the physical and mental characteristics of a person.

Features of phonoscopic examination are manifested in the fact that when removing cassettes with any sound traces, precautions should be taken to preserve traces that may also appear on these objects. Therefore, it is recommended to take them strictly with gloves or tweezers. This object should be carefully described in the protocol (which cassette, which tape, brand names of the cassette and audio tape, etc.), all defects and damages that are found during a detailed examination should also be recorded in the protocol.

Then the recording is listened to and its nature (music, or conversation (speech), or other information) is displayed in the protocol. If this is a speech, then its content is recorded, music - its character. After the film has been listened to, it must be rewound to its original position, carefully sealed and provided with explanatory text.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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