Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
65. CONCEPT AND SIGNIFICANCE OF CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES
Each characteristic is a description of the essential aspects, properties, regularities of the object of reality reflected in it as a whole or some of its components, fragments in which it differs from other objects of the surrounding world.
The originality of the forensic characteristics of crimes determined by two things:
1) features of the reality reflected in it and its features;
2) the specifics of the goals of such reflection.
Exist three levels of forensic characteristics:
1) the level of an individual act;
2) special level;
3) general level.
The approach at the individual level involves a forensic characterization of a specific act as a one-of-a-kind, unique phenomenon of reality. The other two levels symbolize one common coordinate system for them, but different from the previous one - consideration of the forensic characteristics of crimes in its generalized standard version.
From this point of view, the forensic characterization of crimes can be represented as a typical information model that reflects the typical, necessarily recurring features of a certain class of crimes. It carries knowledge about what is characteristic of all phenomena of the studied set.
At the special level are developed forensic characteristics:
1) certain groups of forensically similar to some extent types of crimes (crimes committed by convicts in correctional institutions; crimes committed by minors; crimes committed by repeat offenders; crimes committed by vagrants);
2) certain types of crimes (for example, thefts, murders);
3) certain types of crimes (for example, murders involving the destruction of the corpse of the victim).
At the general level, the foundations of the forensic characteristics of the totality of various crimes are being developed. They are formed by studying and comparative analysis of the forensic characteristics of individual groups, types and varieties of crimes. Such a characteristic plays a guiding role, acts as a theoretical basis for the development and improvement of typical forensic characteristics of certain categories of crimes, determines a uniform approach to understanding the essence, structure, forms and methods of using the data contained in them. From the point of view of applied scientific research and investigative practice, the most significant are the forensic characteristics of certain categories of crimes. Each of these characteristics is a systematic description and explanation of a investigatively and forensically significant set of features of a given object (several similar types, a separate type or variety of crimes), its connections and relationships that are essential for the scientific and practical solution of the problem of identifying and solving crimes of the corresponding category.
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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