Forensics. The concept and system of forensic technology (the most important)

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Forensics. The concept and system of forensic technology (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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3. CONCEPT AND SYSTEM OF FORENSIC TECHNOLOGY

Forensic technology - a set of devices, instruments, tools, devices, materials used for forensic purposes.

Forensic technology as a section - a system of scientific provisions, as well as recommendations for the use of technical and forensic tools and relevant methods, methods, techniques, techniques in the investigation and prevention of crimes.

Technical means make it possible to detect material traces of crimes that are not detected by the senses at all or are perceived indistinctly.

Purpose of technical means in criminal proceedings - a sufficiently complete and accurate recording of evidence, the course and results of procedural actions, the study of material objects in order to establish factual data relevant to the preliminary investigation of crimes and the judicial consideration of criminal cases.

The section of forensic technology has two parts:

1) complexes of technical means used in investigative and operational work, physical and chemical research methods, issues of sound recording, video recording, forensic photography and filming;

2) recommendations regarding the work with physical evidence, as well as issues of organizing forensic records.

The second part is divided into:

a) traceology, which studies the technique of working with traces;

b) forensic ballistics.

The technical means of forensic science are divided into groups according to their origin:

1) developed in the general technique and adapted to special forensic tasks;

2) created exclusively for solving forensic tasks.

By purpose technical means are divided into:

1) designed to detect, seize and fix evidence;

2) means of examination of physical evidence used in the production of forensic examinations.

In criminal proceedings, it is permissible to use only such technical means that are scientifically sound.

Means and methods:

1) applied in legal and non-legal forms;

2) depend on the status of participants in the detection and investigation of crimes who use them in their work.

The forensic technology system includes the following main sections:

1) general provisions of forensic technology - the system and tasks of forensic technology, elements of particular forensic theories and teachings;

2) forensic photography, sound and video recording - a set of scientific provisions and special means of photo, film, video recording developed on their basis used in collecting, researching and demonstrating evidence;

3) trasology (forensic investigation of traces);

4) forensic weapons science;

5) forensic documentation;

6) forensic habitoscopy;

7) forensic odorology;

8) forensic phonoscopy;

9) forensic investigation of materials, substances, products;

10) forensic registration.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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