Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
5. FORENSIC DIAGNOSIS
Forensic diagnostics - recognition, identification, determination of signs to establish the properties and state of objects, dynamics and circumstances of events, causes and relationships of phenomena and facts associated with a crime event.
The task of forensic diagnostics is the establishment (definition, disclosure) of objective truth by studying and explaining the properties and states of an object (phenomenon).
The methodological basis of the process of such knowledge is the theory of reflection.
Forensic diagnostics is based on the general laws of knowledge, introduces modern methods of mathematical and many other types of analysis. The results of diagnostics are a kind of obtained factual data necessary for the thought processes of proving.
Diagnostic research conducted in all areas of forensic technology.
objects forensic diagnostics - factual data relevant to the investigation (people, objects, substances, their properties, states, time, place).
The tasks of forensic diagnostics are classified into:
1) establishment of the spatial structure of the situation of the criminal event;
2) establishing the mechanism of individual stages of the event;
3) determination of the material structure of the environment of the scene;
4) establishment of temporal characteristics of a criminal event;
5) study of cause-and-effect relationships and forecasting their action;
6) determination of the properties of existing objects;
7) restoration of the mechanism of the criminal event as a whole.
Diagnostic studies are divided into:
1) identification of the properties and states of the object during its direct study (for example, whether the seal was broken after the initial sealing);
2) determination of the properties and state of the object by its display (for example, the state of the person who compiled a certain document);
3) analysis of the situation as a whole, when after studying the state of objects, their reflections, their relationship is established, the presence of a connection between individual phenomena and with the crime event.
The structure of the process of forensic diagnostics:
1) goal definition;
2) preliminary study of objects;
3) analysis of diagnostic features;
4) comparison by analogy;
5) evaluation and correction of the obtained results;
6) formulation of conclusions.
Diagnostics, like identification, is based on the study of the features of objects, but unlike identification, diagnostics focuses on the mechanism and conditions for the formation and display of traces.
A characteristic difference between diagnostics and identification is that during identification, the object being checked always exists materially, while during diagnostics this may not be the case.
Diagnosed object - this is an established condition (object, situation), and diagnostic objects are material carriers of signs that reflect properties (a system of properties, signs, etc.) and the impact on them of certain conditions of the event that occurred.
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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