Forensics. Odorology. methods for removing and recording scent traces (the most important)

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Forensics. Odorology. methods for removing and recording scent traces (the most important)

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20. ODOROLOGY. METHODS FOR REMOVING AND FIXING SMELL TRACES

Forensic odorology is a system of methods and means for detecting, seizing, storing and researching odor traces in order to use them to solve identification problems in criminal proceedings.

Subject of odorology are the smell, its nature, patterns of formation, methods of perception, detection.

Under odor refers to a kind of invisible trace in the form of particles released into the environment by objects and substances that carry odor and cause specific irritation of the nerve endings of the olfactory organs in living organisms.

Depending on the methods of extraction, analysis and registration of odors in Forensic odorology distinguish:

1) cynological - the olfactory organ of a service dog is used as an odor analyzer;

2) instrumental - as analyzers, physical and chemical devices are used that are capable of separating the spectrum of odorous substances, registering it and detecting individual odor components with high accuracy.

One of the main tasks instrumental odorology is the development of methods and equipment capable of recording the spectrum of volatile substances that determine the smell, and documenting it.

The human scent trail is a complex set of odors, including the following odors:

1) local - the smell of individual places of the body;

2) individual - the smell of the human body, including the totality of all local smells. The individuality of the smell emanating from a person is genetically predetermined;

3) general - the smell of a person in clothes, including professional smell and side smells (perfume, soap, toothpaste, tobacco, etc.). For selection, long-term storage and the possibility of repeated presentation of human odor, a specially designed odor sampling device (POS) is used. It is based on the adsorption principle, based on the ability to absorb a substance from a solution or gas by a surface layer of a liquid or solid.

When carrying out urgent investigative actions, work with odor traces is carried out taking into account the following rules:

1) creating conditions that ensure the maximum safety of odor traces (should cover the traces with a box, box, set up a cordon);

2) limiting the number of participants in the operational-investigative group;

3) compliance with the rules of movement, excluding the possibility of destruction or contamination of traces;

4) implementation of a strict sequence of search and removal of odor traces.

The time of preservation of odors in a state suitable for identification is limited. So, the smells left by a person indoors, under favorable conditions, persist for one day, and in open areas, especially under adverse weather conditions (wind, high temperature), about 3-4 hours. On some items (on a woolen hat, sweater) with a significant amount of sweat in a state suitable for identification, odors can persist for 5-8 days.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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