25. FORENSIC WEAPONS. DOING. CONCEPT AND CLASSIFICATION OF WEAPONS

Forensic weapons science - this is a branch of forensic technology that studies the principles of design, patterns of operation of various types of weapons and the formation of traces of their impact, and also develops means, techniques and methods for collecting and examining these objects and traces in order to use them to detect, investigate and prevent crimes.

Weapons in forensics - devices and items designed to destroy living and other targets.

Weapons in forensic science are usually classified according to various grounds:

1)according to the operating principle:

a) firearm - a technical device consisting of a barrel, a projectile detection mechanism, which, using force, allows you to fire more than one shot, causing serious damage to the obstacle (human body, etc.). A firearm is used to hit a target at a distance with a projectile that receives directional movement due to the energy of a powder or other charge (pistol, rifle, etc.).

Firearms have a number of design features:

▪ mandatory use of the energy of gunpowder gases or other substances to throw a projectile;

▪ the presence of a barrel in a weapon to give the projectile directional movement;

▪ the presence of a device for igniting the projectile;

▪ sufficient damaging effect of the projectile;

▪ sufficient structural strength to allow repeated shots;

b) cold - a device designed to hit a target by using the muscular strength of a person in direct contact with the target (knife, dagger, dagger, stiletto, etc.);

There are a number of design features inherent in melee weapons:

▪ the presence of a part (part) specifically designed to cause life-threatening damage (point, blade, spike, impact load, etc.);

▪ the presence of a device for holding the device in the hand and causing damage to it without the risk of self-harm;

▪ mechanical strength of the structure, ensuring repeated use of the weapon;

c) throwing - serves to hit a target at a distance with a projectile that receives directed movement with the help of muscular strength or a mechanical device (crossbow, etc.);

d) pneumatic - serves to hit a target at a distance with a projectile that receives movement due to the energy of compressed gas;

e) gas - is intended for temporary destruction of the target by the use of tear or irritating substances;

2) according to the purpose of application:

a) civil, intended for use by citizens of the Russian Federation. It is divided into self-defense weapons, sports, hunting, signal, cold blade weapons, which serve as an element of the national costume;

b) official, intended for use by officials of state bodies and employees of legal entities who are allowed by the legislation of the Russian Federation to carry, store and use weapons;

c) combat hand-held rifle and cold, designed to solve combat and operational tasks.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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