8. CONCEPT, SIGNIFICANCE AND SYSTEM OF JUDICIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, FILM, VIDEO RECORDING AND SOUND RECORDING

Photography is used in criminal proceedings for fixing and examining evidence.

Photographing method - a system of shooting rules applied, if necessary, using special photographic equipment to obtain images with specified characteristics (measuring, panoramic, etc.).

Forensic photography techniques are divided into:

1) imprinting:

a) panoramic;

b) measuring;

c) identification;

d) reproductive;

e) stereoscopic;

2) researching:

a) micrograph;

b shooting in the invisible rays of the spectrum;

c) contrasting shooting;

d) color differentiation, etc.

3) designed to display material objects and their features, perceived by the naked eye;

4) having for their purpose the identification of signs that are invisible or poorly distinguishable under normal conditions of observation.

Прием photography is a system of shooting rules that does not apply to all photography activities, but only to some of them:

1) orienting - used to capture any area or object simultaneously with the environment;

2) overview - used when fixing the general view of the scene without the environment;

3) nodal - carried out in order to fix the most important areas, objects, traces and other items of forensic significance;

4) detailed - serves to capture the external signs of material evidence and traces.

Court photo view - this is a system of methods, techniques, rules of photography in relation to various objects of photography.

Court photography system:

1) forensic operational (photographs used to document individual investigative actions (identification, search, search, etc.));

2) forensic research. It is used in the process of research and use for evidence (expert opinion plus photographs). Video recording and filming used in the process of preliminary investigation are primarily a reflection of the nature and sequence of any actions that are relevant to the case being investigated.

Videotape - recording image and sound on the same magnetic tape. The video has the following advantages:

1) the possibility of obtaining a benign image in limited light;

2) the ability to control the quality of the recording at the time of fixation;

3) no need for additional processing of the information carrier;

4) the ability to adjust the brightness, clarity and contrast of the image.

Video recording and filming are used for:

1) inspection of the scene;

2) investigative experiment;

3) verification of testimony on the spot;

4) interrogation;

5) presentation for identification;

6) exhumations.

Before filming begins, the objects of fixation are outlined, in difficult cases, the place of the upcoming investigative action is familiarized and a written shot plan is drawn up, providing for the episodes to be filmed, the approximate duration of each of them, the sequence and methods of filming.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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