Forensics. Forensic examination of documents (most important)

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Forensics. Forensic examination of documents (most important)

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31. FORENSIC STUDY OF DOCUMENTS

Forensic examination of documents - this is a branch of forensic technology that studies the patterns of writing, methods of forging documents, as well as developing tools and methods for knowing these patterns in order to investigate, prevent and solve crimes.

The objects of the forensic study of writing are written speech and handwriting. During the feasibility study of a document, its content, the material from which it is made, traces of exposure are studied in order to change its content.

Document - this is a material carrier (paper, film and photographic film, etc.) that carries any information that has the value of physical evidence for a criminal case.

Documents are classified:

1) by appointment:

and containing any information;

b) certifying any facts;

2) by origin: and the originals;

b) copies;

3) by way of presenting information:

and written;

b) graphic;

c) audiovisual;

4) fixation method:

and on paper;

b) on magnetic media; on other possible media (fabric, leather, etc.);

5) according to the source from which the documents originate:

a) official

b) informal;

c) with a known source of origin (having a signature and other details);

d) anonymous (without a signature or with a fictitious signature).

In accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, documents are recognized as material evidence if they served as instruments of a crime or if traces of a crime have been preserved on them.

Documents are carefully examined, recognized as physical evidence and attached to the materials of the criminal case.

Since documents, as physical evidence, contain information related to a criminal event or the identity of the offender, and are indispensable in the investigation of a crime, measures must be taken to preserve them and not to change them.

Work with documents that are classified as material evidence is divided into several stages:

1) examination of the document and its attachment to the materials of the criminal case;

2) studying the document;

3) appointment and production of expert examinations.

You should follow the rules for handling documents that are classified as material evidence:

1) during the inspection, measures should be taken to preserve traces of hands, etc. To do this, you need to take documents with rubber gloves or tweezers;

2) you can not make any comments or any notes in the document;

3) the document is not filed with the materials of the criminal case, but is put into an envelope and attached to the criminal case.

Forensic examination of documents as material evidence is divided into:

1) examination of document forms;

2 study of handwritten documents (letters);

3 study of typewritten texts;

4) study of partially modified documents;

5) technical and forensic examination of documents;

6) establishment of hidden information.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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