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Alpine living conditions change human blood

28.10.2016

Scientists from the United States in laboratory experiments have found that the human body adapts to high mountain conditions in just one night. And then the body remembers this experience, which allows you to adapt faster.

Scientists have long known that the body adapts to high altitude conditions. At an altitude of 5260 meters, which is close to the level where the Everest camp is located, the atmosphere contains 53% of the oxygen that is normally contained in the atmosphere at sea level. This makes it difficult to breathe and exercise, which is usually explained by the fact that in conditions of lack of oxygen, the body builds new red blood cells to facilitate the oxygen consumption of muscles and vital organs. But climbers know this is probably not the case. The production of new red cells takes several weeks, and even ordinary people can adapt to height in a few days.

Robert Roach, director of the High Altitude Research Center at the University of Colorado (USA), and colleagues decided to look into this issue. To do this, they sent volunteers to a camp at the top of Mount Chacaltaya in Bolivia, located at an altitude of 5421 meters. This is the highest ski resort in the world. After a day of staying at this height, the volunteers felt better. In two weeks, they could make the 3,2-kilometer ascent.

Then the volunteers left the resort and returned again for one to two weeks. Surprisingly, their bodies seem to have remembered the initial experience at the height, allowing them to adapt better than the first time. They were able to make the 3,2 km climb again, although this was a problem for many of them the first time.

Scientists studied the level of hemoglobin - oxygen-carrying proteins - in the red blood cells of volunteers. They found numerous changes there that are caused by oxygen conditions. According to Roach, which is cited in the note, this is like loosening the grip on a baseball glove. "If I relax my hand, I will release the ball," the scientist figuratively explained the changes taking place in the blood. Such changes have been observed before in the laboratory, but never in humans and never at their best. The scientists also found that the metabolic processes that are responsible for these changes are significantly more complex than expected. Red blood cells live 120 days, and the changes last the same.

This work is useful not only for studying the organisms of climbers, but also for treating people who have lost a lot of blood due to an accident. In addition, understanding the process of adaptation of the body to altitude will help treat tourists who feel unwell in the mountains. It may even be of benefit to astronauts.

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