Криминалистика. Криминалистическое исследование письма. Признаки письма и их классификация (самое важное)

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Криминалистика. Криминалистическое исследование письма. Признаки письма и их классификация (самое важное)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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32. CRIMINALISTIC RESEARCH OF THE LETTER. SIGNS OF LETTER AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

With the help of a forensic study of a letter, when comparing texts, it is possible to establish the person who compiled this document.

The handwriting and written speech of a person are individual and constant, which allows experts to identify the executor of the document even in cases where the person deliberately tried to change the handwriting.

Letter - a means of fixing a person's speech with the help of special symbols and signs. In a handwritten text, there is a set of signs of written speech and handwriting made by a specific subject.

In order to fix thoughts on paper, a person must learn to write. Writing skills are acquired during a person's life. This is the result of upbringing and teaching writing.

Handwriting - a system of habitual hand movements, the formation of which is based on a writing-motor skill that serves to reproduce writing.

Each person's handwriting is unique. After a certain period of time, the pace of writing, the degree and nature of its development change in a person, but usually the same features remain in it. The handwriting is relatively stable. Handwriting changes due to reasons such as illness, age, cultural development, environment, etc.

Handwriting features:

1) general - characterize the usual system of movements: the degree of development, acceleration, size, inclination;

2) private:

а) features of the form and direction of movement:

▪ right-hand traffic;

▪ left-circular movements;

▪ variable;

b) features of the ratio of elements of written characters:

▪ by size;

▪ by slope;

▪ overclocking;

at) handwriting details:

▪ position of the starting point of written characters;

▪ position of the end point of written characters;

▪ retouching;

▪ tortuosity of strokes;

▪ features of pressure, etc.

Handwriting can be:

1) according to the degree of handwriting (adaptability of hand movements to cursive writing):

a) developed;

b) underdeveloped;

c) trembling;

2) according to the nature of development:

a) simple;

b) simplified;

c) artsy;

d) mixed;

3) according to the degree of connection:

a) connected;

b) jerky;

c) medium in terms of the degree of connectedness;

4) overclocking:

a) compressed;

b) medium;

c) expanded;

5) to size:

a) big;

b) small;

c) average;

6) according to the form of movement:

a) rectilinear-angular;

b) round;

c) mixed;

7) by slope:

a) lawful;

b) left-handed;

c) straight.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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