Forensics. Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets
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Forensics. Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces (the most important)

Lecture notes, cheat sheets

Directory / Lecture notes, cheat sheets

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7. TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC MEANS AND METHODS FOR DETECTING, FIXING AND REMOVING TRACES

Purpose of technical means and methods in criminal proceedings - a sufficiently complete and accurate recording of evidence, the course and results of procedural actions, the study of material objects in order to establish factual data relevant to the preliminary investigation of crimes and the judicial consideration of criminal cases.

Types of technical means:

1) by origin:

a) developed in general technology and adapted to special forensic tasks (cameras, general-purpose video and sound recording equipment, metal detectors, a number of microscopes, spectrometers, chromatographs and other search and research equipment). They acquire a forensic character only in connection with the purposes and the legal basis for their application;

b) created exclusively for solving forensic problems (special photographic techniques or photo installations adapted for photographing material evidence, special methods for examining documents using ultraviolet and infrared rays, etc.);

2) according to the intended purpose:

a) intended for the detection, seizure and recording of evidence (these are technical means for investigators and forensic specialists, i.e. means for photography, filming, sound recording, working with traces of crimes, finding hidden forensic objects);

b) used mainly in the production of forensic examinations. These are, for example, means and methods of forensic photography, measuring equipment, etc.

In criminal proceedings, it is permissible to use only such technical means that are scientifically sound, i.e. e. provide reliable results, the use of which is not associated with a threat to the life and health of citizens.

The means and methods of forensic technology are used in legal and non-legal forms, depending on the status of the participants in the activities of detecting and investigating crimes.

Detection - this is the creation of conditions under which the trace can be perceived visually (directly or indirectly):

1) lighting means;

2) optical instruments.

Fixation - this is the reproduction of perceived traces after their discovery or with the help of words, photographs, drawings. The main method of fixation is the protocol. Various fixation forms:

1) verbal;

2) graphic;

3) subject;

4) visual-figurative;

5) preservation of the object or its parts unchanged.

Withdrawal is understood as the separation of a material object or part of it, together with trace information.

The seized objects are different:

1) solid;

2 loose;

3 liquid;

4 gaseous substances;

5 macro and micro objects.

The general rules for detecting, seizing and fixing traces are as follows: any discovery of traces must take place within the framework of investigative actions and in strict accordance with the Code of Criminal Procedure.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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