82. CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY ORGANIZED CRIMINAL GROUPS

Organized crime group - a stable association of persons organized for regular joint criminal activities for selfish purposes and to achieve control in a certain social sphere or in a certain territory.

Signs of a criminal group are:

1) the presence in an organized criminal group of a strict hierarchy headed by a leader;

2) the presence of a permanent composition of the group;

3) the existence of special methods of forming an organized criminal group and attracting new members to it;

4) discipline, the presence in an organized criminal group of a system of rewards and punishments;

5) distribution of roles between members of a criminal group;

6) distribution of income depending on the hierarchy;

7) the presence of contradictions within the criminal group, the contradictions are due to the inequality of the position of the members of the group and the inequality of their incomes;

8) the presence of criminal experience among members of a criminal group;

9) permanent nature of criminal activity;

10) the mercenary nature of the activity, the desire to obtain maximum income;

11) the planned nature of the criminal activity;

12) the desire to expand areas of activity;

13) the desire for mobility, the use of modern technical means;

14) conspiracy by an organized criminal group of its activities, development of measures to counteract law enforcement agencies;

15) availability of contacts with employees of law enforcement and other government agencies.

The elements of the forensic characteristics of a criminal group are:

1) personnel, socio-demographic characteristics of the criminal group;

2) the existing criminal experience of its members;

3) features of formation and functioning;

4) forensic type;

5) psychological and functional structures;

6) presence and type of leader;

7) features of interpersonal relations between its members.

Types of members of a criminal group:

1) leaders. Manage the group, plan activities;

2) active participants. They are executors of the orders of the leader of the group, but unlike minor participants, they have the initiative, occupy a higher position compared to minor participants. Their activities are permanent;

3) secondary participants - non-initiative members of the group.

Organized crime groups usually commit crimes in a specific area they control. Crimes usually belong to the same type, are committed in similar ways, and similar traces remain at crime scenes (for example, traces of a shot from one weapon, identical fingerprints, etc.). Since almost all organized groups seek to increase their income and expand the territory of their activities, this leads to conflict with other criminal groups. Usually the conflict is resolved by killing the enemy or intimidating him in order to drive him out of a certain territory. Murders are committed either by hiring a hitman or at meetings of organized crime groups to resolve disputes.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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