Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
42. BUILDING AND VERSIONING. DERIVATION OF CONSEQUENCES FROM VERSIONS
Versions should be based on certain factual data, which can be divided into two groups:
1) data obtained from various sources related to the crime under investigation. They may be contained in court evidence, materials of operational-investigative activities, official checks, statements of citizens, press reports and other sources. When building versions based on the data of this group, mainly such logical methods and forms of thinking as analysis and synthesis, direct and indirect inferences are used;
2) information resulting from scientific generalizations not directly related to a specific criminal case. These are data of natural, technical and other sciences and information gleaned from the life and professional experience of the investigator, generalizations of investigative, judicial and expert practice.
Version requirements:
1) a real possibility, fundamental verifiability;
2) substantiation by established facts;
3) relative simplicity, having a clear, unambiguous formula;
4) applicability to a wider range of phenomena established during the investigation.
Checking forensic versions - activities aimed at establishing factual circumstances that confirm or refute the assumption that constitutes the content of the version. Verification is based on a logical analysis and assessment of the available information, it is carried out through the production of investigative actions and operational search activities.
Version checking includes:
1) derivation from the version of all possible consequences, i.e., the formation of judgments about circumstances that have not yet been established, but are possible;
2) determination of methods, means and ways of establishing the alleged consequences arising from the accepted version (determination of the elements that make up the content of the investigation plan in the case), making tactical decisions;
3) the practical implementation of the investigation plan through the performance of investigative actions and operational-search measures to obtain data confirming or refuting the version;
4) an assessment of all the collected evidence that substantiates the conclusion that one of the versions being tested is true and the rest are false.
The version is checked from the standpoint of its correspondence to reality until it has received full confirmation, or has not been refuted and has not disappeared. She confesses valid if:
1) all kinds of assumptions regarding the circumstance of the crime being verified were put forward and no other version regarding the same circumstance emerged during the entire investigation based on new, additional data;
2) all the versions put forward about this circumstance were checked, and all, with the exception of one that found objective confirmation, were refuted and disappeared;
3) all the consequences, logically deduced from the confirmed version, were comprehensively investigated and found confirmation, i.e., discovered in reality;
4) the confirmed version is in full compliance with all other circumstances of the case.
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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