Table of contents (expand)
- The concept, subject and tasks of forensic science
- Forensic system
- The concept and system of forensic technology
- The concept and scientific basis of forensic identification
- Forensic diagnostics
- Forms of using special knowledge in criminal proceedings
- Technical and forensic tools and methods for detecting, recording and removing traces
- Concept, meaning and system of forensic photography, filming, video recording and sound recording
- Forensic photography. Its concept, meaning and types
- Forensic application of filming, video and sound recording and their procedural design
- Subject, system and tasks of traceology. Scientific foundations of traceology
- Classification of traces in traceology
- Hand marks. Properties and types of papillary patterns
- Fingerprint examination
- Footprints. Methods of their fixation and withdrawal. footprint path
- Traces of teeth, lips, nails and other parts of the body
- Traces of blood, semen and other secretions. traces of smoking and dust, their forensic meanings
- Traces of vehicles, their types and meaning
- Traces of hacking tools, their meaning and types
- Odorology. methods for removing and fixing odor traces
- Forensic investigation of materials, substances and products (KIMVI)
- Forensic Habitoscopy
- Classification of human appearance features. rules for describing a person’s appearance using the verbal portrait method. Classification of signs of human appearance
- Forensic phonoscopy
- Forensic weapons. Doing. concept and classification of weapons
- Forensic ballistics. The concept and classification of firearms and ammunition
- Identification of weapons by bullets and cartridges. Establishing the distance and direction of the shot, the location of the shooter
- Forensic investigation of explosive devices, explosives and explosion traces
- The concept and classification of edged weapons
- Forensic research of edged weapons
- Forensic examination of documents
- Forensic study of the letter. Signs of writing and their classification
- Handwriting expertise
- Signs of written speech
- Technical and forensic examination of documents
- General provisions for document inspection. Rules for handling documents - material evidence
- Concept and classification of micro-objects. Rules for detection, seizure and fixation of micro-objects
- Operational and reference accounting
- Forensic records of internal affairs bodies
- General provisions for organizing the disclosure and investigation of crimes
- The concept and types of forensic versions
- Building and checking versions. Deriving Consequences from Versions
- Theoretical foundations of tactical operations and tactical combinations
- Classification and structure of tactical operations
- Crime investigation planning
- The concept, meaning and types of interaction of the investigator with other law enforcement agencies and the public
- Operational-investigative activity as a form of interaction
- The concept and system of forensic tactics
- The concept and types of inspection
- Preparing for production inspection. Inspection tactics
- The concept, types and tasks of interrogation. Preparation for interrogation
- Interrogation of the suspect and the accused
- Interrogation of the witness and the victim
- The concept and types of search. Preparing and conducting a search
- Recording the progress and results of the search and seizure
- The concept, types and tasks of an investigative experiment
- Concept and types of presentation for identification. Preparation for presentation for identification
- The concept and tactics of checking testimony on the spot
- The concept and classification of forensic examinations
- Detention Tactics
- Tactical methods of confrontation
- Tactics for conducting an examination
- The concept and structure of forensic methodology
- The concept and classification of private methods of investigation
- The concept and significance of the forensic characteristics of crimes
- Forensic characterization of murders
- The initial stage of the murder investigation. Identification of an unidentified corpse
- The next stage of the murder investigation. Features of investigative actions
- Features of the investigation of certain types of murders (domestic, serial, contract)
- Forensic characteristics of rape. Methods for exposing staged rape
- Typical investigative versions and situations in the investigation of rape
- Forensic characteristics of theft
- Forensic characteristics of thefts
- Forensic characteristics of robberies and assaults
- Methodology for investigating robberies and robberies
- Forensic characteristics of misappropriation and embezzlement
- Forensic characteristics of fraud
- Extortion Investigation Methodology
- Forensic characteristics of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
- Forensic characteristics of bribery. Correlation between bribery and corruption
- Features of bribery investigation
- Forensic characteristics of crimes committed by organized criminal groups
- Forensic characteristics of arson
- Forensic characteristics of environmental crimes
- Forensic characteristics of computer crimes
- Forensic characteristics of road traffic crimes
- Forensic characteristics of criminal violations of labor protection and safety regulations
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by minors
- Features of the investigation of crimes committed by persons with mental abnormalities
- Features of the investigation of unsolved crimes of past years
41. CONCEPT AND TYPES OF FORENSIC VERSIONS
Forensic version - a reasonable assumption regarding a separate fact or group of facts that are or may be important for establishing the truth in the case, indicating the existence and explaining the origin of these facts, their relationship with each other.
Versions contribute to a comprehensive, complete and objective study of the circumstances of the case, they are the organizing beginning of planning the investigation of the case and individual investigative actions, they determine the direction of the investigator’s activities in acquiring and increasing first probable knowledge, and then reliable knowledge.
Version development stages:
1) occurrence;
2) analysis (development) of the proposed assumption and determination of a number of consequences that logically follow from this assumption;
3) practical verification of the alleged consequences and their comparison with what, as a result of the verification, is established in reality. If this comparison shows that the consequences logically deduced by analyzing the content of the version do not really exist, then the version put forward does not correspond to objective truth and must be rejected. If the alleged consequences correspond to the established facts of reality, then this will prove that the version put forward is consistent (probable).
There are the following types of versions:
1) according to the subject of nomination:
a) investigative - arise in the process of inquiry and investigation;
b) operational-search - arise in the process of operational-search activities;
c) judicial - arise in the process of judicial proceedings;
d) expert - arise in the course of expert research;
2) by volume:
a) general - assumptions covering the installed object as a whole;
b) private - explain its individual elements, circumstances;
3) according to the degree of certainty:
a) typical - most typical for a given situation from the point of view of the relevant branch of scientific knowledge or general practice of forensic research (operational search, investigative, judicial, expert), a presumptive explanation of individual facts or an event as a whole, the result of a scientific generalization of judicial, investigative, expert , forensic investigative practice, typical versions are described in the relevant collections, teaching aids, etc.;
b) specific - are put forward during the investigation of a specific case based on specific circumstances;
4) according to the degree of probability:
a) unlikely - have a small probability of reliability;
b) the most probable - have a high probability of reliability;
5) by build time:
a) initial - arise at the initial stage of the investigation before the start of the investigator's activities to verify them, often arise already during the inspection of the scene;
b) subsequent - arise at subsequent stages of the investigation;
6) in relation to the subject of proof:
a) accusatory - confirm the guilt of the suspect (accused);
b) acquittal - refute the guilt of the suspect (accused).
Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.
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