Forensics. Footprints. Methods for their fixation and removal. trail of footprints (most important)

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Forensics. Footprints. Methods for their fixation and removal. trail of footprints (most important)

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15. FOOTPRINTS. METHODS FOR THEIR FIXING AND WITHDRAWAL. FOOTPRINT PATH

Human footprints acquire value as evidence in a case when they are found at the scene. They can be used to judge the number of people who were at the crime scene, the nature of their actions, the ways of approaching and leaving the crime scene.

For the purposes of proof, it is possible to identify:

1) a person in the footprints of a bare foot;

2) shoes, stocking, sock, which left a mark;

3) a person who wore these shoes, stockings, socks.

In order to search for a criminal, it is possible:

1) hot pursuit (visible and olfactory);

2) determine the type and style of shoes, signs of shoes or feet.

Using the footprint of a shoe you can determine:

1) manufacturer or supplier state;

2) type, style, size, color and other features;

3) information about the growth of the offender.

Footprints are divided into:

1) visible, hardly visible, invisible;

2) volume and surface;

3) dynamic and static.

4) single (scattered or single) and multiple, or a track of footprints;

5) footprints, footprints of bare feet and footprints, in stockings, socks.

Common signs of footprints are:

1) the shape of the sole as a whole and its parts (the shape of the sole as a whole can be solid, with a separate heel, or consist of an outsole, a heel and an intermediate part);

2) dimensions of the sole and its parts (length of the entire sole, outsole, heel, width of the outsole and intermediate parts, heel). Length is measured at the extreme points, and width is measured at the widest or narrowest points.

Particular signs of footprints are:

1) arising in the manufacture of shoes in factory conditions (features of the shape, size and placement of small details of the relief, individual stitches of seams, studs, screws, nails, various signs on the sole);

2) arising in the process of using shoes (abrasion of the sole, cracks and deformations in certain areas, etc.).

footprint path - a set of footprints of one person, formed sequentially by the right and left foot in the process of walking or running in the amount of at least four.

The footprint track contains the following elements to judge gait:

1) line of direction of movement - a line mentally drawn between successively left traces of the left and right legs;

2) step width, which characterizes the width of the legs during movement;

3) stride length - the distance from the trace of one foot to the trace of the other. The length of the right and left steps are often different;

4) the angles of setting the feet - the angles between the axial lines of the tracks and the lines of the direction of movement. The angles of setting the feet of the right and left legs are usually different.

If traces are left on objects that can be seized in whole or in part, then a direct seizure is made. In other cases, photographs are taken and other methods of seizure are used.

Volumetric footprints are removed in the form of plaster casts, made in the following ways:

1) aspic, used to take casts from tracks on moist soils;

2) backfill, used to remove traces on loose, waterlogged soils.

Authors: Aleinikov A.G., Salova E.E.

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