structure of civil defense. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Civil defense is organized according to territorial and production principles throughout the Russian Federation, taking into account the characteristics of regions, districts, settlements, enterprises, institutions and organizations.

Territorial principle consists in the organization of civil defense in the territories of the republics within the Russian Federation, territories, regions, cities, districts, settlements according to the administrative division of Russia.

Production principle consists in the organization of civil defense in each ministry, department, institution, at the facility.

The general leadership of the Civil Defense of the Russian Federation is carried out by the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation. He is the head of the civil defense of the Russian Federation, and the Minister for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia) is the first deputy head of the Civil Defense of the Russian Federation.

The leadership of civil defense in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and cities is entrusted to the relevant heads of executive authorities, and in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg - to self-government bodies. These leaders are ex officio chiefs of civil defense.

The leadership of civil defense in a ministry, department, institution (university), enterprise (object), regardless of the form of ownership, is carried out by their heads, who are ex officio chiefs of civil defense.

Heads of civil defense of all levels are personally responsible for organizing and implementing civil defense measures, creating and ensuring the safety of accumulated funds of individual and collective protection equipment and civil defense property, as well as for preparing and educating the population and personnel of economic facilities (OE) in actions in emergency situations on subordinate territories and objects.

In the Russian Federation, the direct management of civil defense is carried out by the Ministry for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters (EMERCOM of Russia).

Decisions made by the Ministry within the limits of its powers are obligatory for public authorities and administrations, local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of ownership and form of ownership, as well as for officials and citizens.

In the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, regions and cities, at enterprises, in institutions and organizations, ministries, committees, departments and departments are directly in charge of civil defense, and at economic facilities - headquarters, departments, departments for civil defense and emergency situations, in ministries and departments - departments for civil defense and emergency situations.

The chiefs of staffs (departments) for civil defense and emergency situations are the first deputies of the respective chiefs of civil defense.

Regional centers are used to coordinate the activities of territorial civil defense bodies within several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

To organize and conduct special civil defense events, civil defense services are created: medical, fire, radiation and chemical protection, shelters and shelters, public order, logistics, etc.

Civil Defense Forces of the Russian Federation consist of civil defense troops and civilian civil defense organizations.

К troops of the Civil Defense of the Russian Federation include separate mobile mechanized brigades, regiments and battalions, pontoon crossing battalions, special protection battalions, separate helicopter detachments, radiation and chemical reconnaissance detachments.

civil defense organizations are created in peacetime on the basis of enterprises, institutions and organizations, regardless of departmental affiliation and forms of ownership.

Authors: Ivanyukov M.I., Alekseev V.S.

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