Cylindrical lens. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Cylindrical lens. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Magnifying glasses - lenses - are used in many household appliances. These are glasses, and binoculars, and just a magnifying glass that serves to examine small objects. Ordinary lenses, when magnifying, do not give distortion - they increase evenly in all directions. But there are lenses that magnify, for example, only in the horizontal direction. In the vertical direction, they do not give any increase. The image is flattened. These lenses are called cylindrical. Let's make such a lens.

It's simple: take an ordinary (not faceted) tea glass and pour water into it. The lens is ready! To see how it works, you need to take a piece of white cardboard and use a needle and black thread to embroider a plus sign on it. The vertical and horizontal lines must be the same length and intersect exactly at right angles. Place the cardboard with the plus sign behind the glass of water, about an inch apart. You will see that the horizontal thread has not changed in thickness, but has become longer than the vertical one. And the vertical thread has not changed in length, but it has become much thicker. Turn the cardboard so that the threads are reversed: the thread that was horizontal will become vertical, and the other will become horizontal. And again you will see the same picture as the first time. This is because our cylindrical lens only magnifies in the horizontal direction.

Cylindrical lens

A cylindrical lens, generally speaking, collects light rays in a line. But it turns out that under certain conditions it is able to collect the rays into a point. Make a hole in thick paper at a distance of five centimeters from the edge and, inserting a glass of water into this hole, raise the paper a little, placing something under it. Fasten the comb in front of the edge of the paper. Now we don't need the shadow strip behind the comb. The rays of light passing between the teeth of the comb will pass into the glass and, refracted in the water, will come out of the other side of the glass, gathering at one point, and then fan out again.

The transparent medium of the material from which the lens is made differs from air and is capable of refracting rays, that is, changing their direction. Of course, a glass of water is far from being an ideal cylindrical lens, and in this experiment there is no clear convergence of rays at one point, but one can get an idea of this phenomenon.

Author: Rabiza F.V.

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Cutlery affects the taste of food 06.07.2013

The cutlery we eat appears to influence our perception of food. For example, food tastes saltier when eaten from a knife, or thicker and more expensive when eaten from a plastic spoon, according to the latest issue of the UK's Flavor magazine, which reports on a study by scientists at Oxford University.

The color and material from which dishes and cutlery are made significantly affect our perception of food. For example, drinks in pink glass glasses seem more refreshing. Empirically, scientists from the University of Oxford found that if the weight of the device meets our expectations - for example, that a plastic spoon is light - yogurt seems thicker and more expensive. The color of the device also matters. If you eat white yogurt with a white spoon, it seems sweeter than pink yogurt. But you can achieve the opposite effect by eating with a black spoon - in this case, pink yogurt seems sweeter. That is, it is the color of the device that affects our perception.

Do not neglect the shape of the device. So, the researchers found that cheese that was eaten from a knife seemed more salty compared to those cases when the same cheese was eaten from a fork or toothpick.

As a result, scientists finally became convinced that eating is a multisensory process that involves our taste buds, lips, nose and eyes. That is, even before we brought the spoon to our mouth, our brain has already made a conclusion about food, including based on the color of cutlery and utensils. Perhaps that is why decorated dishes on beautiful dishes seem more delicious to us.

This research has practical implications in the treatment of food addiction and other eating disorders. Having studied how exactly the quality of dishes and their color affect the perception of taste, you can adjust the menu during different types of diets. People who need to give up excess salt can be offered to eat food with a knife instead of adding salt. And for those who do not have enough sweetness, it is worth giving white plastic spoons - it will seem that there is more sugar in the product. And of course, food manufacturers should pay attention to this study and pack their yogurts, chocolates and drinks in suitable containers.

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