Orientation to local subjects. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Orientation to local subjects. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Some local objects and signs can also serve as a simple, though not very accurate "compass" for the traveler.

It is known, for example, that mosses and lichens cover the northern side of trees and stones, resin protrudes more on the southern half of the trunk of a coniferous tree, ants arrange their dwellings to the south of the nearest trees or bushes and make the southern slope of the anthill flatter than the northern one, the altar of the Orthodox churches are located in the east, etc. (Fig. 6.23).

It is not recommended to be guided by such incorrect, although well-known signs, as the density and splendor of the crown on one side or another of a tree standing alone or in the thick of the forest, according to annual growth rings of wood on the stumps of sawn trees. Both the density of the crown and the width of the growth rings depend on a number of factors, among which the illumination by the sun may not be the main one.

Orientation in local subjects

Rice. 6.23. Determination of the sides of the horizon by the anthill; by melting snow in a ravine; along the hole by the tree; on the snow stuck to the stone

Very carefully one must resort to orientation along quarterly pillars in the forest. Although it is believed that the edge between two adjacent faces of the column with the smallest numbers points to the north (Fig. 6.24), it must be remembered that clearings in this forest can be cut not along the meridians and parallels, but along the relief line or parallel to roads and land boundaries.

Orientation in local subjects

Rice. 6.24. Determining the sides of the horizon by a quarterly pillar in a forest clearing

Tourist Marking Orientation

Tourist marking is a system of special symbols that are applied to local objects to mark tourist routes.

Marking includes various types of marks, directional arrows, pointers and other signs, which in their symbols, shape, color and alphanumeric code carry the information necessary for the tourist and help to navigate the terrain (Fig. 6.25).

The main element of the marking - the route mark - has the shape of a rectangle (the main format is 180x240 mm), on the white field of which there is a colored stripe or a square set at the corner. A stamp with a red stripe indicates a multi-day categorical route, with a blue one - with the "Tourist of the Russian Federation" badge, with a green one - 3-4 days, with a yellow one - 1-2 days (with overnight stays). Stamps with colored squares indicate different hiking routes without overnight stays.

Orientation in local subjects

Rice. 6.25. Some recommendatory, prohibiting and restricting signs of tourist marking: 1 - attraction; 2 - a monument or memorial place; 3 - ford; 4 - bus stop; 5 - a place for making a fire; 6 - halt is prohibited; 7 - a place dangerous for swimming; 8 - not allowed to touch

Focusing on the stamps, tourists can follow the route without a map, compass and description: index, warning, prescriptive and prohibition signs will tell you where there are objects for inspection, bivouac sites, shelters, protected natural attractions, places for swimming, what is the distance to one or another point, what types of tourist activities are allowed, what dangers are expected ahead, etc. Since marking is carried out in full, as a rule, only on planned routes, in amateur trips of I-III categories of complexity, simplified marking signs are also used for orientation. Some of these uniform signs are shown in fig. 6.26.

Orientation in local subjects

Rice. 6.26. Simplified tourist marking: 1 - observation point; 2 - monument; 3 - drinking water; 4 - a shelter, a place for a bivouac; 5 - danger; 6 - end of the road

Author: Mikhailov L.A.

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