Water is a source of terahertz radiation. Free Technical Library News

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Water is a source of terahertz radiation

25.09.2017

It is known that water intensely absorbs electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range, which is why for a long time it was considered unlikely that liquid water could act as a source of terahertz waves. However, an international team of scientists has demonstrated that a thin layer of water, no more than 200 micrometers thick, irradiated with ultrashort pulses of laser light, is capable of emitting terahertz electromagnetic radiation. And, such a source of terahertz waves can be used in the future in wireless communication technologies, industrial quality control and shooting with high resolution and the ability to penetrate deep into the object being filmed.

In their experiments, the scientists focused the light of a femtosecond laser, a laser whose pulse duration is measured in femtoseconds (10^-12 seconds), on the surface of a thin layer of water. The energy of this pulse leads to the creation of a plasma cloud, consisting of ions and free electrons, at the beam focusing point. Some of the energy of the laser pulse is spent on additional excitation of ions and electrons, which begin to emit waves in the terahertz range.

Further studies have shown that terahertz radiation obtained using water has some features in relation to radiation obtained using other methods. In the case of water, an increase in the duration of the laser pulse leads to an increase in the number and energy of terahertz waves, while other methods require a decrease in the duration and increase in the energy of the pulse to obtain the same effect. Secondly, the energy and amount of terahertz radiation depends on the polarization of the light and the angle of incidence of the laser light beam on the surface of the water film.

The results obtained by scientists cannot yet be explained from the point of view of physical laws and mechanisms known to scientists involved in the processes of formation of terahertz radiation. Therefore, it is still very early to talk about the possibility of any practical application of water as a source of radiation. Scientists hope that further research into the interactions between laser light and water will lead to an understanding of the ongoing processes, on the basis of which it will be possible to develop new terahertz technologies.

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