|
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese|
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Universal device for water activation. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Medicine To change the characteristics of relatively well-studied liquid, solid and gaseous media in order to give them new, sometimes previously unknown or little-studied properties, various activation methods are widely and successfully used [1–13]. When using the device shown in Fig. 1, it is possible to cover a fairly complete set of methods for activating liquids and other media, to give them new qualities, and to use them for a new purpose.
The device (Fig. 1) contains a pulse generator, a frequency divider, a pulse shaper, made on a DD1 microcircuit, a VT1 transistor and VD1-VD4 diodes. The power amplifier is assembled on two DA1, DA2 - K174UN7 microcircuits installed on heat sinks. To limit the activation time, a timer is used, which is started by pressing the SB1 button. To turn on the device for a long time without a time limit, a toggle switch can be installed parallel to the button, and the time interval can be set from an external timer, such as a photo timer, or manually. The regulation of the current in the load is carried out by changing the output voltage of the regulator, made on transistors VT3-VT5. The current regulator is connected to the switch of the device. The control device allows you to change the supply voltage of the output stage in the range from 0 to 15 V, and the device is resistant to short circuits in the power supply in the output stages, the maximum current flowing in this case is also limited to 1 A (set by selecting resistance R15, the excess voltage drop on which is over 0,65...0,7 B leads to shunting of the control circuit of the regulating device). When working on an inductive load between the pins of 12 microcircuits DA1, DA2, it is necessary to turn on the voltage limiter, made in the form of back-to-back zener diodes, for example, the D814 series. Transistor VT5 must be installed on the heat sink. The device can be powered from an unregulated DC source with an unregulated output voltage of 4...16 V, designed for a load current of more than 1 A. 1. Ionator. Liquids containing metal ions (metals) can be used in crop production, animal husbandry with the introduction of microelement additives that ensure the normal course of biochemical processes that stimulate metabolism [1–3]. The amount of metal (m, g) dissolved in water from the electrode as a result of electrolysis is calculated by the formula [1]: m=K•A•I•t/(n•.), where K is the current output of the metal (0,65 ... 1,4), reflecting the actual electrolysis process under the specific conditions of its implementation; A is the atomic weight of the metal; I - current strength, A; t - current passage time, sec; n is the valency of the metal; . - Faraday's constant 96500 K, or 26,8 K-hour. Ionized water can be used to disinfect water and dairy products. Thus, "silver water" at an equal concentration is 1750 times more effective than the action of carbolic acid and 3,5 times more effective than sublimate [1]. Among the various metals, the disinfectant property is also most pronounced in silver: the diphtheria bacillus died on a silver plate after three days, on a copper one after 6, and on a gold one after 8 days; staphylococcal, respectively, after 2, 3 and 9 days; typhoid - after 0,75, 0,75 and 6-7 days [1]. In concentrated solutions, the effect manifests itself tens and hundreds of times faster. By passing air through activated water, you can quickly sterilize it, which is extremely important in an epidemic situation (for example, influenza). Concentrated solutions of silver ions (several mg of Ag per liter) can be used in physiotherapy for taking "silver baths", which may be relevant in the treatment of skin diseases and skin burns. The unit (Fig. 1) can be used in the field (field kitchens, hospitals). Its capacity is up to 330 liters of water per minute to achieve a silver concentration of 0,25 mg/liter. The quiescent current when the supply voltage changes from 4 to 16 V does not exceed a few mA; exposure varies from 66 to 54 conventional units. units (or 10% relative to the average level). 2. Obtaining cathode (anode) water. Cathode (anode) water (catholyte, anolyte, "living and dead water") is obtained by passing direct current through water while separating the electrodes with a semi-permeable partition that prevents mixing of liquids obtained in the cathode and anode regions. The water obtained in this way exhibits special properties associated, for example, with accelerated wound healing, accelerated plant growth, etc. As a result of the occurrence of electrochemical processes in the near-electrode regions, the so-called alkaline water ("living (L) water"), having a pH of 10-11 units, and acidic water ("dead (M) water"), having a pH of 4-5 units, are formed. For electrodes in [4], it is recommended to use stainless steel 1Kh18N9T with dimensions of 0,8Ch40Ch160 mm with an interelectrode gap of 25...40 mm. A voltage of 226 V with a frequency of 220 Hz is supplied to the electrodes (in compliance with safety requirements) through a diode of the KD50 type or similar. The positive electrode is placed in a bag made of a semi-permeable material: tarpaulin, cellophane, thin polyethylene, etc. For electrolysis use a glass liter jar with a lid. The activation time is 3...8 min, after which the power is turned off, the bag with "anodic" ("dead") water is taken out and the contents are poured into the second jar [4]. After separation, the activity of catholyte and anolyte drops exponentially to complete deactivation in a few hours. In a number of literary sources, it is recommended to use highly purified graphite as electrodes. Alkaline water can be used for washing without the use of chemical detergent solutions. The high voltage required to supply the electrolysis cell can be obtained from the activator by connecting a step-up transformer to the output of the device (Fig. 2, 3) and by changing the parameters of the timing chain (obtaining a conversion frequency of about 50 Hz), which makes it possible to use the device in field conditions.
3. Treatment with a magnetic field (magnetizer). It is known that a low-frequency magnetic field improves blood circulation and metabolic processes, has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic effect, promotes epithelialization of ulcerative surfaces, accelerates wound healing, and reduces itching in skin diseases [5]. Not so long ago, household magnetotherapy devices such as "Sleep", "Eros" and others became popular, allowing to normalize the natural processes of life [6]. They also magnetize the water used for watering plants for drinking animals. Inductors used in medicine are coils with an open core made of transformer steel plates (impact on certain parts of the body). Coils without a core create the greatest magnetic induction in their inner part and are used to influence the limbs [5]. Depending on the doctor's prescription, alternating, direct or pulsating current is used [5, 7]. The inductor is connected to the output terminals of the device, the required amplitude of the signals, their frequency are set. The use of magnetized water in thermal power engineering can significantly reduce the formation of scale in boilers, the deposition of salts in pipes [8-10]. Magnetization of the fuel allows to reduce its consumption due to more complete combustion without the formation of by-products that pollute the atmosphere and the combustion chamber. 4. Sonoactivator. Ultrasonic and sonic activation (sonoactivation, phonoactivation) are used to disinfect water, to obtain stable emulsions from components that are not miscible under normal conditions [1]; cleaning in a washing medium of parts of complex configuration; obtaining the washing medium itself from ordinary water without the use of chemical detergents, washing [11]. Ultrasound has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, which is due to its thermal, absorbable and vasodilating effect. It is used in adhesive and scar processes, contractures, ankylosis, to accelerate regeneration processes in the nervous, epithelial, cartilage tissues [12]. When using an activator (Fig. 1), bipolar pulses with a repetition rate of several kilohertz can be obtained at its output (with a decrease in the constant RC - the timing circuit). Both special emitters and piezoceramic and electrodynamic emitters can be used as an activator. The maximum frequency at the output of the device increases with increasing supply voltage. 5. Other types of activation. The exotic types of activation include "informational" activation, the mechanism of which and its practical application are described in the literature [6, 13]. Other, more frequently used methods of activation include: treatment of the medium with electrohydraulic shocks (the Yutkin effect); treatment with a constant or alternating electric field; exposure to various kinds of radiation from the millimeter range to gamma radiation (including ultraviolet activation); the use of combined and non-additive action of several factors; mechanoactivation (for example, turning on a DC motor at the output of the device) and its varieties, etc. More detailed information can be found in the cited or patent literature. References:
Author: M.A. Shustov
The world's tallest astronomical observatory opened
04.05.2024 Controlling objects using air currents
04.05.2024 Purebred dogs get sick no more often than purebred dogs
03.05.2024
▪ Solved the problem of quantum computers ▪ The bird flies out and helps catch the robber ▪ Samsung Galaxy A7 smartphone ▪ Developed a camera that shoots without glare
▪ site section Power supply. Article selection ▪ article by Paramahansa Yogananda. Famous aphorisms ▪ Who Invented Plumbing and Sewerage? Detailed answer ▪ article Adjuster of machine tools and machine tools. Standard instruction on labor protection ▪ article Hat-cylinder Allakazam. Focus Secret
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua |
See other articles Section 
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
All languages of this page