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Solved the problem of quantum computers

14.03.2015

Researchers from Google Corporation, along with colleagues from the University of California at Santa Barbara, have found a solution to one of the problems preventing the emergence of quantum computers, reports Wired.

In modern computing systems, all simple data operations are checked for errors. This procedure allows you to avoid the consequences of external influences on the system and make sure that the final result is correct.

But if it is easy to perform such a check in a modern PC or on a server, in a quantum system it is impossible by standard methods, since the procedure for measuring a qubit (the smallest element for storing information) will change its state and itself will cause an error.

To avoid changing the state of the qubit during the measurement of its state, the researchers added additional qubits to the quantum system - four for the five existing ones. These four qubits perform only one function - they check the status of other units of information storage. They do it in such a way that the state of the main five qubits does not change.

However, such a solution leads to another complexity, said Daniel Gottesman, a quantum mechanics expert at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics in Canada. He draws attention, in particular, to the fact that checking for errors in a quantum system will require a significant amount of electrical energy - in addition to the already considerable amounts that the quantum computer itself will consume.

Quantum processor with five qubits and four qubits for error checking
However, without verification, a quantum system would be meaningless, the researchers say. "To create a practical quantum computer, you have to solve the problem of random change in the state of qubits, there is no getting around it," said Austin Fowler, one of the project participants, a quantum electronics engineer from Google.

A quantum computer is based on such a concept in quantum mechanics as superposition, the scientists explain. Superposition is a phenomenon in which a physical object, such as an atom or an electron (which a quantum computer uses to store information), is simultaneously in several alternative states from the point of view of classical mechanics. "Scientists believe that computers based on this aspect of quantum mechanics , in the future will work millions of times faster than today's computers.

In September 2014, Google announced its intention to independently develop, manufacture and test processors for quantum systems. To do this, the corporation invited a team of scientists led by John Martinez (John Martinis) from the University of California at Santa Barbara. This group in April 2014 developed the simplest prototype of a quantum processor capable of operating five qubits with a high degree of reliability. The scientists' achievement was widely publicized in the scientific press, including the popular journal Nature, and the team leader received the Fritz London Prize, which is awarded for outstanding contributions to the field of low temperature physics.

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Laser radar for space 04.03.2012

Experts from the European Space Agency are developing a compact laser navigation radar (lidar) that will give spacecraft new opportunities for exploring deep space.

Lasers are already used in the automatic docking system of the ESA ATV cargo ship: a laser beam is reflected from a special mirror on the docking port of the International Space Station and allows you to measure the distance with an accuracy of a couple of centimeters. For a mission deep into the solar system, ESA hopes to use XNUMXD lidars that can quickly create a three-dimensional map of complex objects, such as rock-strewn valleys or small asteroids.

The new lidar will be used for three main purposes - primarily for guidance, navigation and control of descent vehicles, which, thanks to lidar, will be able to choose a safe landing site. Lidar will be able to choose a site suitable for landing, which will relieve designers from the need to put a multiple margin of safety into the descent vehicles, thereby reducing the payload of scientific work. Also, the laser radar will be used to control robots on the surface of various celestial bodies and for docking in planetary orbits. Lidar will be the key instrument for the Mars Sample Return Mission, which will land an automated station on the surface of Mars to collect soil samples and then deliver them to Earth.

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European engineers are also looking for ways to create even smaller lidars based on new types of detectors and micromechanical optical mirrors. This is expected to reduce the weight and power consumption of lidars by at least 70%.

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